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黨

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 党
黨 U+9EE8, 黨
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9EE8
← 黧
[U+9EE7] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 黩 →
[U+9EE9]

Translingual

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Japanese 党
Simplified 党
Traditional 黨

Han character

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黨 (Kangxi radical 203, 黑+8, 20 strokes, cangjie input 火月口田火 (FBRWF), four-corner 90331, composition ⿱𫩠黑)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1520, character 36
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48132
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2055, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4750, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+9EE8

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 黨
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (尚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
當 *taːŋ, *taːŋs
襠 *taːŋ
鐺 *taːŋ, *sʰraːŋ
簹 *taːŋ
璫 *taːŋ
檔 *taːŋ, *taːŋs
儅 *taːŋ, *taːŋs
蟷 *taːŋ
擋 *taːŋʔ, *taːŋs
黨 *taːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋʔ
讜 *taːŋʔ
欓 *taːŋʔ
譡 *taːŋs
闣 *taːŋs
瓽 *taːŋs
鏜 *tʰaːŋ
闛 *tʰaːŋ, *daːŋ
鼞 *tʰaːŋ
曭 *tʰaːŋʔ
儻 *tʰaːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋs
戃 *tʰaːŋʔ
矘 *tʰaːŋʔ
爣 *tʰaːŋʔ
攩 *hl'aːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋs
淌 *tʰaːŋʔ
倘 *tʰaːŋʔ
躺 *tʰaːŋʔ
趟 *tʰaːŋs, *rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs
堂 *daːŋ
坣 *daːŋ
棠 *daːŋ
糛 *daːŋ
螳 *daːŋ
隚 *daːŋ
橖 *daːŋ
掌 *tjaŋʔ
廠 *tʰjaŋʔ, *tʰjaŋs
敞 *tʰjaŋʔ
僘 *tʰjaŋʔ
氅 *tʰjaŋʔ
常 *djaŋ
嘗 *djaŋ
裳 *djaŋ
徜 *djaŋ
尚 *djaŋ, *djaŋs
甞 *djaŋ
鋿 *djaŋ
嫦 *djaŋ
償 *djaŋ, *djaŋs
賞 *hjaŋʔ
瞠 *rtʰaːŋ
撐 *rtʰaːŋ
樘 *rtʰaːŋ
橕 *rtʰaːŋ
牚 *rtʰaːŋs
埫 *tʰoŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *taːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋʔ) : phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) + semantic 黑 (“black”) – black; dark.

Etymology 1

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trad. 黨
simp. 党*
alternative forms 攩／挡
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 黨 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 黨 (Cantonese)

The endoactive of 當 (OC *taːŋ, “to be equal of”), literally "that which is equal in rank" (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 黨
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 唐 (101)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 多朗切
Baxter tangX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tɑŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tɑŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tɑŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/taŋX/
Li
Rong 		/tɑŋX/
Wang
Li 		/tɑŋX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tɑŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dǎng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dong2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 黨
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dǎng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tangX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tˁaŋʔ/
English 500 families; relatives

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 黨
Reading # 1/2
No. 11113
Phonetic
component 		尚
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		黨
Old
Chinese 		/*taːŋʔ/

Definitions

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黨

  1. community; fellow community member
    鄉黨／乡党  ―  xiāngdǎng  ―  neighbours; local community
  2. gang; faction
    結黨／结党  ―  jiédǎng  ―  to form a faction
    黑手黨／黑手党  ―  hēishǒudǎng  ―  mafia (lit. black hand gang)
  3. (politics) party
    政黨／政党  ―  zhèngdǎng  ―  political party
    自由黨／自由党  ―  Zìyóudǎng  ―  Liberal Party
    1. (for one-party states, in press releases or official media) the ruling party
      1. (chiefly Mainland China, specifically) the Communist Party of China
        黨的十八大／党的十八大  ―  Dǎng de Shíbā Dà  ―  The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China
        黨鐵／党铁 [Cantonese]  ―  dong2 tit3 [Jyutping]  ―  The "Commie" MTR
      2. (Vietnam, specifically) Communist Party of Vietnam
      3. (Wa State, specifically) United Wa State Party
  4. (Hong Kong, used as suffix) a group or class of people with negative attribute, or a member of it
    寶藥黨／宝药党 [Cantonese]  ―  bou2 joek6 dong2 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    祈福黨／祈福党 [Cantonese]  ―  kei4 fuk1 dong2 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  5. (used as suffix in Internet slang) a group or class of people, or a member of it
    標題黨／标题党  ―  biāotídǎng  ―  a person who writes articles or news using off-topic or misleading headlines; these kinds of people
  6. a surname

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (黨):
  • → Japanese: 党(とう) (tō)
  • → Korean: 당(黨) (dang)
  • → Vietnamese: đảng (黨)

Others:

Etymology 2

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trad. 黨
simp. 党*

Identified as an ancient Chu dialect word in Han Dynasty scholar Yang Xiong's Fangyan.

STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-twaŋ (“to see; to show”), whence Tibetan མཐོང (mthong, “to see; to perceive”).

Alternatively, it may be of Austroasiatic origin. Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *tiɲ ~ *təɲ (“to know”), whence Khmer ដឹង (dəng), Eastern Bru ດັງ (dáng) (Behr, 2008; Ye, 2014).

Perhaps related to 懂 (dǒng, “to understand”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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黨

  1. (ancient Chu dialect) to know

Etymology 3

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trad. 黨
simp. 党*

Pronunciation

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Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 黨
Reading # 2/2
No. 11132
Phonetic
component 		尚
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*tʰaːŋʔ/
Notes 注通作儻

Definitions

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黨

  1. Alternative form of 倘

References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai

党

Kyūjitai

黨

Kanji

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黨

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 党)

  1. (political) party

Readings

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Noun

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黨(とう) • (tō) 

  1. Kyūjitai form of 党: political party

Korean

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Hanja

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黨 (eumhun 무리 당 (muri dang))

  1. hanja form? of 당 (“political party”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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黨: Hán Nôm readings: đảng, đoảng

Noun

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黨

  1. chữ Hán form of đảng (“party”).
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