百

See also: 佰, 白, and 𦣻

百	U+767E, 百 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-767E

← 白
[U+767D]

CJK Unified Ideographs

癿 →
[U+767F]

Commons:Category

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百

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

百 (Kangxi radical 106, 白+1, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一日 (MA), four-corner 1060₀, composition ⿱一白 or ⿱丆日)

Derived characters

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 785, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22679
Dae Jaweon: page 1199, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2643, character 1
Unihan data for U+767E

Chinese

simp. and trad.		百
alternative forms		佰 financial 𦣻 archaic

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 百
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (白) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
怕	pʰraːɡs, pʰraːɡ
帕	pʰraːɡs, mbraːd
粕	pʰaːɡ, pʰraːɡ
胉	*pʰaːɡ
泊	*baːɡ
箔	*baːɡ
魄	tʰaːɡ, pʰraːɡ
皕	*prɯɡ
伯	*praːɡ
百	*praːɡ
迫	*praːɡ
敀	praːɡ, pʰraːɡ
柏	*praːɡ
湐	*praːɡ
拍	*pʰraːɡ
珀	*pʰraːɡ
皛	pʰraːɡ, ɡeːwʔ
洦	mpʰraːɡ, mbraːɡ
白	*braːɡ
帛	*braːɡ
舶	*braːɡ
鮊	*braːɡ
陌	*mbraːɡ
帞	*mbraːɡ
袹	*mbraːɡ
蛨	*mbraːɡ
貊	*mbraːɡ
佰	*mbraːɡ
銆	*mbraːɡ
碧	praɡ, preɡ
咟	*ɦmreːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praːɡ) : semantic 一 + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-r-gja.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): bǎi, bó (bai³, bo²)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄞˇ, ㄅㄛˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): be²

(Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): be̊q

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): бый (bɨy, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): baak³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): bak¹ / bak²
Gan (Wiktionary): bah⁶ / bet⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): pak

(Hailu, HRS): bag

(Meixian, Guangdong): bag⁵
Jin (Wiktionary): bai² / bieh⁴
Northern Min (KCR): bă
Eastern Min (BUC): báh / báik
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ba⁵ / beh⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): pah / peh / peeh / pek / piak

(Teochew, Peng'im): bêh⁴
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁷paq / ⁷paq; ⁷peq
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): be⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bǎi
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄞˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bǎi
  - Wade–Giles: pai³
  - Yale: bǎi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bae
  - Palladius: бай (baj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /paɪ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bó
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bó
  - Wade–Giles: po²
  - Yale: bwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bor
  - Palladius: бо (bo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu̯ɔ³⁵/

Note: bó - used in 百色.

- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: be²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: be
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɛ²¹/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin: be̊q
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): beq⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pəʔ⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: бый (bɨy, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pei²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: baak³
  - Yale: baak
  - Cantonese Pinyin: baak⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: bag³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /paːk̚³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: bak¹ / bak²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pak̚³³/, /pak̚⁵⁵/

Note:

bak1 - used as a standalone number;
bak2 - used in some compounds (e.g. 百貨).

Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: bah⁶ / bet⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /paʔ⁵/, /pɛt̚⁵/

Note:

bah6 - vernacular;
bet6 - literary (e.g. 百貨).

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pak
  - Hakka Romanization System: bag^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bag⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /pak̚²/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: bag
  - Sinological IPA: /pak⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: bag⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /pak̚¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: bai² / bieh⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /pai⁵³/, /piəʔ²/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bă
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pa²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: báh / báik
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʔ²⁴/, /paiʔ²⁴/

Note:

báh - vernacular (“hundred”);
báik - literary (“numerous”).

Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ba⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pa²¹/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: beh⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɛʔ¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: beh⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɛʔ²/

Note:

ba5 - vernacular;
beh6 - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore, Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pah
  - Tâi-lô: pah
  - Phofsit Daibuun: paq
  - IPA (Penang): /paʔ³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /paʔ⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /paʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: peh
  - Tâi-lô: peh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: peq
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /peʔ³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /peʔ⁵/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: peeh
  - Tâi-lô: peeh
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɛʔ³²/
  - IPA (Penang): /pɛʔ³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pek
  - Tâi-lô: pik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: peg
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /piɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piak
  - Tâi-lô: piak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: piag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /piak̚⁵/

Note:

pah/peeh - vernacular;
peh/peeh - vernacular (limited, e.g. 百姓);
pek/piak - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: bêh⁴
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: peh
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /peʔ²/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁷paq
  - MiniDict: pah^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴paq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /paʔ⁵⁵/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁷paq; ⁷peq
  - MiniDict: pah^入; peh^入
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /pɑʔ⁴³/, /pəʔ⁴³/

Note: ⁷peq - Suzhounese literary reading, only bookish/stylized usage.

Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: be⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɤ̞²⁴/

Middle Chinese: paek

Rime
Character	百
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	陌 (113)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	博陌切
Baxter	paek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pˠæk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/pᵚak̚/
Shao Rongfen	/pak̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/paɨjk̚/
Li Rong	/pɐk̚/
Wang Li	/pɐk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pɐk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bak¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤrak/

(Zhengzhang): /*praːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	百
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bǎi
Middle Chinese	‹ pæk ›
Old Chinese	/*pˁrak/
English	hundred
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	百
Reading #	1/1
No.	194
Phonetic component	白
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	伯
Old Chinese	/*praːɡ/

Definitions

百

hundred
四百 ― sì bǎi ― four hundred

百四 [Cantonese] ― baak³ sei³ [Jyutping] ― one hundred and forty

長命百歲／长命百岁 ― chángmìngbǎisuì ― to live to be a hundred
numerous; countless
千方百計／千方百计 ― qiānfāngbǎijì ― by every conceivable means
every; all
- 百爾君子，不知德行。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  百尔君子，不知德行。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Bǎi ěr jūnzǐ, bùzhī déxíng. [Pinyin]
  All ye princely men,
  Know ye not his virtuous conduct?
a surname: Bai; Baak; Bak

Synonyms

(numerous):

edit

一系列 (yīxìliè)
不少 (bùshǎo)
不老少 (bùlǎoshǎo) (colloquial)
儦儦 (biāobiāo) (literary)
千千 (qiānqiān) (literary)
千百 (qiānbǎi) (literary)
好些 (hǎoxiē)
好多 (hǎoduō)
孔多 (kǒngduō) (literary)
幾多／几多 (gei² do¹) (Cantonese)
廣／广 (literary, or in compounds)
廣大／广大 (guǎngdà) (of people)
延延 (yányán) (literary)
很多 (hěnduō)
𣍐少／𫧃少 (Hokkien)
浩瀚 (hàohàn)
浩繁 (hàofán)
眾多／众多 (zhòngduō)
繁多 (fánduō)
萌生 (méngshēng) (literary)
許多／许多 (xǔduō)
諸多／诸多 (zhūduō)
颮颮／飑飑 (literary)

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (百):

→ Japanese: 百(ひゃく) (hyaku)
→ Korean: 백(百) (baek)
→ Vietnamese: bách (百)

Others:

→ Ai-Cham: pek⁷
→ Lao: ປາກ (pāk)
→ Lü: ᦔᦱᧅ (ṗaak)
→ Shan: ပၢၵ်ႇ (pàak)
→ Southern Kam: begs
→ Zhuang: bak
→ Proto-Hmong-Mien: *pæk
- Iu Mien: baeqv
- Western Xiangxi Miao: bat
- White Hmong: pua

Japanese

Kanji

百

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Go-on: ひゃく (hyaku, Jōyō)^{←ひやく (fyaku, historical)}
Kan-on: はく (haku)^{←はく (faku, historical)}
Kun: もも (momo, 百)、ほ (ho, 百)^{←ほ (fo, 百, historical)}、お (o, 百)^{←ほ (fo, 百, historical)}
Nanori: ど (do)、どう (dō)、なり (nari)、ひゅく (hyuku)、も (mo)、もんど (mondo)、ゆ (yu)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
百
ひゃく Grade: 1
goon

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 百 (MC paek, literally “hundred”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ひゃく [hyàkúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ça̠kɯ̟]

Noun

百(ひゃく) • (hyaku)

hundred
a very many, lots, a lot
one hundred years old, advanced age

Usage notes

This is the most common term for hundred in modern Japanese.

Idioms

百(ひゃく)に一(ひと)つ (hyaku ni hitotsu): “one in a hundred” → something rare or unusual
百(ひゃく)も承(しょう)知(ち) (hyaku mo shōchi): “awareness of the hundred” → the state of being fully aware of something

Derived terms

百(ひゃっ)科(か)全(ぜん)書(しょ) (hyakka zensho): an encyclopedia
百(ひゃく)千(せん) (hyakusen): a large number, all sorts, hundreds and thousands

Japanese numerical compounds with 百(ひゃく) (hyaku)
100	200	300	400	500	600	700	800	900	Hundreds of
百(ひゃく) (hyaku) 一(いっ)百(ぴゃく) (ippyaku)	二(に)百(ひゃく) (nihyaku)	三(さん)百(びゃく) (sanbyaku)	四(よん)百(ひゃく) (yonhyaku)	五(ご)百(ひゃく) (gohyaku)	六(ろっ)百(ぴゃく) (roppyaku)	七(なな)百(ひゃく) (nanahyaku)	八(はっ)百(ぴゃく) (happyaku)	九(きゅう)百(ひゃく) (kyūhyaku) 九(く)百(ひゃく) (kuhyaku)	何(なん)百(びゃく) (nanbyaku) 数(すう)百(ひゃく) (sūhyaku)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
百
もも Grade: 1
kun'yomi

/mo₁mo₁/ → /momo/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) もも [móꜜmò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [mo̞mo̞]

Noun

百(もも) • (momo)

(archaic) hundred
(archaic) a very many

Usage notes

While the ho or o readings are only used in compounds, momo can be used on its own.^[2]

Archaic. Generally only found in set phrases or compounds.

Derived terms

百(もも)日(か) (momoka): hundredth day
百(もも)声(こえ)鳥(どり) (momokoedori): Cuculus poliocephalus, lesser cuckoo
百舌(もず) (mozu): shrike
百(もも)千(ち) (momochi): a large number, all sorts, hundreds and thousands
百(もも)千(ち)鳥(どり) (momochidori): all sorts of birds, hundreds and thousands of birds; a plover; a Japanese bush warbler
百(もも)年(とせ) (momotose): hundred years, century, a long time
百(もも)夜(よ) (momoyo): a hundred nights

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
百
ほ Grade: 1
kun'yomi

/po/ → /ɸo/ → /ho/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ho̞]

Noun

百(ほ) • (ho)

(obsolete) hundred
(obsolete) a very many

Usage notes

While the momo reading can be used as a standalone term, ho is only used in compounds, where it has lost the initial consonant and appears instead as o.

Obsolete. Superseded by o (see below).

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
百
お Grade: 1
kun'yomi

/po/ → /ɸo/ → /ho/ → /o/

From Old Japanese. Change in pronunciation from ho (see above).^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [o̞]

Noun

百(お) • (o) ^{←ほ (fo)^?}

(archaic) hundred
(archaic) a very many

Usage notes

While the momo reading can be used as a standalone term, o is only used in compounds. This o was previously pronounced ho, from ancient po (see above). Generally only used in reference to multiple hundreds of things, as in terms 五百 (io, “five hundred; a very many”) or 八百 (yao, “eight hundred; a very many”).^[2]

Archaic. Generally only found in set phrases and compounds.

Derived terms

八(や)百(お)万(よろず) (yaoyorozu): eight million; a great multitude, a countless large number or amount
八(や)百(お)屋(や) (yaoya): a greengrocer

Japanese numerals from Old Japanese using 百(お) (o) / 百(もも) (momo)
100	200	300	400	500	600	700	800	900
百(もも) (momo)	二(ふた)百(お) (futao)	三(み)百(お) (mio)	四(よ)百(お) (yoo)	五(い)百(お) (io)	六(む)百(お) (muo)	七(なな)百(お) (nanao)	八(や)百(お) (yao)	九(ここの)百(お) (kokonoo)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

**Korean numbers ^(edit)**
← 10	← 90	100	1,000 →	100,000 →
		10
Sino-Korean: 백 (baek) Hanja: 百

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 百 (MC paek).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	ᄇᆡᆨ〮 (Yale: póyk)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527^[2]	온〮 (Yale: wón)	ᄇᆡᆨ〮 (Yale: póyk)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [pɛk̚] ~ [pe̞k̚]
Phonetic hangul: [백/벡]

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

百

Wikisource

百 (eumhun 일백(一百) 백 (ilbaek baek))

hanja form^? of 백 (“hundred”)

Compounds

백성 (百姓, baekseong)
백제 (百濟, Baekje)
백년 (百年, baengnyeon)
수백 (數百, subaek)
백만 (百萬, baengman)
백합 (百合, baekhap)
백과 (百科, baekgwa)
일백 (一百, ilbaek)
백일 (百日, baegil)
백전 (百戰, baekjeon)
백관 (百官, baekgwan)
백방 (百方, baekbang)
백화점 (百貨店, baekhwajeom)
백발백중 (百發百中, baekbalbaekjung)
백해무익 (百害無益, baekhaemu'ik)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

Han character

百: Hán Việt readings: bách (博(bác)陌(mạch)切(thiết))^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4], bá^[2]^[3]^[4]
百: Nôm readings: bách^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6], bá^[2]^[7]^[4]^[5]^[6], trăm^[1]

chữ Hán form of bách (“hundred”).

Compounds

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Trần (2004).
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Bonet (1899).
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Génibrel (1898).
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
^ Hồ (1976).

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJ-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[tdcndg-3] 1.0 ^1.1 Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-4] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-5] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Trần (2004).

[bonet-6] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Bonet (1899).

[genibrel-7] 5.0 ^5.1 Génibrel (1898).

[taberd-8] 6.0 ^6.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

[btcn-9] Hồ (1976).

[1]

[2]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

Chinese numbers
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	10²	10³	10⁴	10⁶	10⁸	10¹²
Normal (小寫／小写)	〇, 零, 空	一, 蜀	二, 兩／两	三	四	五	六	七	八	九	十	百	千	萬／万, 十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)	百萬／百万, 桶(Philippines), 面桶 (Philippines)	億／亿	兆 (Taiwan) 萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial (大寫／大写)	零	壹	貳／贰	參／叁	肆	伍	陸／陆	柒	捌	玖	拾	佰	仟	萬／万, 十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)	百萬／百万, 桶(Philippines), 面桶 (Philippines)	億／亿	兆 (Taiwan) 萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)

百

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