冂

See also: ㄇ and 冖

冂 U+5182, 冂 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5182 ← 冁 [U+5181] CJK Unified Ideographs 冃 → [U+5183]

⼌ U+2F0C, ⼌ KANGXI RADICAL DOWN BOX ← ⼋ [U+2F0B] Kangxi Radicals ⼍ → [U+2F0D]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

冂 (Kangxi radical 13, 冂+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 中尸 (LS) or 難中尸 (XLS), four-corner 7722₀, composition ⿰丨𠃌)

1. Kangxi radical #13, ⼌.

Derived characters

• Appendix:Chinese radical/冂
• 𭕔, 𥫚, 𧘉, 𪔃, 巾, 內, 禸, 朿, 囘, 䍏, 同, 𦉳, 网, 罔, 𦉰, 而, 兩(两/両), 南, 㒳, 繭, 丽, 𢫏, 制

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 128, character 30
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1506
• Dae Jaweon: page 289, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 96, character 13
• Unihan data for U+5182

Chinese

simp. and trad.		冂
alternative forms		冋 坰

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 冂
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts
Transcribed ancient scripts L28655
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

According to Shuowen Jiezi, pictogram composed by three lines that represent a territory outside the city walls and its nearby villages and greenfields, a territory that belongs to the incontaminated countryside, distant from every kind of civilization.

As an alternative, it's the original form of 堂, hence it's the profile of a building. The reversed character is 凵.

Pronunciation

Correct pronunciation in Early Middle Chinese, according to the fanqie 古熒切 and the later spelling 涓熒切, can be reconstructed as *kweng.

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiōng (jiong¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwing¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): koén / koên
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): keng

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jyong
    • Wade–Giles: chiung¹
    • Yale: jyūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiong
    • Palladius: цзюн (czjun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gwing¹
    • Yale: gwīng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwing¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: guing¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɪŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: koén / koên
    • Hakka Romanization System: guen^ˋ / guen^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: guen³ / guen¹
    • Sinological IPA: /koen³¹/, /koen²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng
    • Tâi-lô: king
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kefng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: mek

Rime
Character	冂
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	莫狄切
Baxter	mek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/mek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/mɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/mek̚/
Wang Li	/miek̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/miek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mik6

Definitions

冂

1. (obsolete) city outskirts; suburbs

Japanese

Kanji

冂

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. 冏構え (kei-gamae): the "upside down box" or "wide" radical
2. 同構え (dō-gamae): the "same" radical

Readings

• Go-on: きょう (kyō)^{←きやう (kyau, historical)←くゐやう (kwiyau, ancient)}
• Kan-on: けい (kei)^{←けい (kei, historical)←くゑい (kwei, ancient)}

Derived terms

• 冂構(けいがま)え (kei-gamae)

Korean

Hanja

冂 (eumhun 멀 경 (meol gyeong))

1. remote

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

冂: Hán Nôm readings: quynh

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation