敬
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]敬 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+9 in traditional Chinese and Korean, 攴+8 in mainland China and Japanese, 13 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 12 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿口人大 (TROK), four-corner 48640, composition ⿰苟攵(GJKV) or ⿰茍攵(HT))
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 473, character 35
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13285
- Dae Jaweon: page 826, character 17
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1466, character 2
- Unihan data for U+656C
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 敬 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 敬 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 敬 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Possibly ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 茍 (“kneeling person or sitting dog”) + 攴 (“hand holding a stick, authority”).
Etymology
[edit]Cognate with 驚 (OC *kreŋ, “to be afraid; to scare”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ging3
- Gan (Wiktionary): jin4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kin
- Northern Min (KCR): ge̿ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): géng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ging4
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jìng
- Wade–Giles: ching4
- Yale: jìng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinq
- Palladius: цзин (czin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ging3
- Yale: ging
- Cantonese Pinyin: ging3
- Guangdong Romanization: ging3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɪŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: jin4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕin³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kin
- Hakka Romanization System: gin
- Hagfa Pinyim: gin4
- Sinological IPA: /kin⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ge̿ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /keiŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: géng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɛiŋ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ging4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiŋ⁴²/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Southern Min
- Middle Chinese: kjaengH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*kreŋ(ʔ)-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kreŋs/
Definitions
[edit]敬
- to respect; to honor
- to present; to offer (alcohol, food, cigarettes, tea, etc.)
- (literary, or in compounds) to concentrate completely on; to devote oneself to; to focus all of one's attention on
- (literary, or in compounds) respectful; deferential (Can we add an example for this sense?)
- a surname
Synonyms
[edit]- (to respect):
- (to concentrate completely on):
- (respectful):
Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “to respect”): 鄙 (bǐ)
Compounds
[edit]- 不敬 (bùjìng)
- 主敬存誠 / 主敬存诚
- 最敬禮 / 最敬礼 (zuìjìnglǐ)
- 可敬 (kějìng)
- 回敬 (huíjìng)
- 大不敬 (dàbùjìng)
- 失敬 (shījìng)
- 奠敬
- 奩敬 / 奁敬
- 孝敬 (xiàojìng)
- 尊敬 (zūnjìng)
- 屈尊敬賢 / 屈尊敬贤
- 崇敬 (chóngjìng)
- 廝抬廝敬 / 厮抬厮敬
- 廝敬廝愛 / 厮敬厮爱
- 彌敬 / 弥敬
- 忒敬思
- 忠敬
- 恭恭敬敬 (gōnggōngjìngjìng)
- 恭敬 (gōngjìng)
- 慎始敬終 / 慎始敬终 (shènshǐjìngzhōng)
- 憐貧敬老 / 怜贫敬老
- 敬上
- 敬上愛下 / 敬上爱下
- 敬之
- 敬事
- 敬事不暇
- 敬事房
- 敬亭山
- 敬仰 (jìngyǎng)
- 敬佩 (jìngpèi)
- 敬信 (Jìngxìn, “Jingxin”)
- 敬同
- 敬天愛民 / 敬天爱民
- 敬奉 (jìngfèng)
- 敬姜猶績 / 敬姜犹绩
- 敬小慎微
- 敬心
- 敬思
- 敬悉
- 敬意 (jìngyì)
- 敬愛 / 敬爱 (jìng'ài)
- 敬慎
- 敬慕 (jìngmù)
- 敬懇者 / 敬恳者
- 敬懼 / 敬惧
- 敬授人時 / 敬授人时
- 敬啟者 / 敬启者 (jìngqǐzhě)
- 敬時愛日 / 敬时爱日
- 敬服 (jìngfú)
- 敬業 / 敬业 (jìngyè)
- 敬業樂群 / 敬业乐群
- 敬業精神 / 敬业精神
- 敬畏 (jìngwèi)
- 敬祝 (jìngzhù)
- 敬神
- 敬禮 / 敬礼 (jìnglǐ)
- 敬稟者 / 敬禀者
- 敬稱 / 敬称 (jìngchēng)
- 敬老尊賢 / 敬老尊贤
- 敬老恤貧 / 敬老恤贫
- 敬老慈幼
- 敬老憐貧 / 敬老怜贫
- 敬老節 / 敬老节
- 敬老院 (jìnglǎoyuàn)
- 敬而遠之 / 敬而远之 (jìng'éryuǎnzhī)
- 敬肅者 / 敬肃者
- 敬若神明
- 敬虔主義 / 敬虔主义 (jìngqiánzhǔyì)
- 敬詞 / 敬词 (jìngcí)
- 敬請 / 敬请 (jìngqǐng)
- 敬諾 / 敬诺
- 敬謝 / 敬谢
- 敬謝不敏 / 敬谢不敏
- 敬謹 / 敬谨
- 敬賢 / 敬贤 (jìngxián)
- 敬賢禮士 / 敬贤礼士 (jìngxiánlǐshì)
- 敬身
- 敬辭 / 敬辞 (jìngcí)
- 敬酒 (jìngjiǔ)
- 敬重 (jìngzhòng)
- 敬陪末坐
- 敬陪末座
- 敬頌 / 敬颂
- 梁敬帝
- 楮敬
- 欽敬 / 钦敬 (qīnjìng)
- 潔敬 / 洁敬
- 炭敬
- 無以為敬 / 无以为敬
- 用代楮敬
- 畢恭畢敬 / 毕恭毕敬 (bìgōngbìjìng)
- 相敬如賓 / 相敬如宾
- 程敬
- 節敬 / 节敬
- 肅然起敬 / 肃然起敬 (sùránqǐjìng)
- 脩敬
- 至敬無文 / 至敬无文
- 致敬 (zhìjìng)
- 茶敬
- 莊敬 / 庄敬 (zhuāngjìng)
- 莊敬自強 / 庄敬自强
- 菲敬
- 虔敬 (qiánjìng)
- 誠心敬意 / 诚心敬意
- 誠敬 / 诚敬
- 贄敬 / 贽敬
- 起敬 (qǐjìng)
- 輕財敬士 / 轻财敬士
Descendants
[edit]Others:
- → Zhuang: gingq
References
[edit]- “敬”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “Entry #9524”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: きょう (kyō)←きやう (kyau, historical)
- Kan-on: けい (kei, Jōyō)
- Kun: うやまう (uyamau, 敬う, Jōyō)
- Nanori: け (ke)、たか (taka)、たかし (takashi)、たけ (take)、とし (toshi)、のり (nori)、ひろ (hiro)、ゆき (yuki)、よし (yoshi)
Compounds
[edit]- 敬愛 (keiai): respect and affection
- 敬畏 (keī): reverence, holding in awe, fear
- 敬意 (keī): respect
- 敬遠 (keien): keeping at a distance
- 敬具 (keigu): a respectful closing statement
- 敬虔 (keiken): pious
- 敬語 (keigo): honorifics
- 敬神 (keishin): piety
- 敬称 (keishō): title of honor
- 敬体 (keitai): distal style
- 敬白 (keihaku): Yours Sincerely
- 敬服 (keifuku): admiration
- 敬慕 (keibo): love and respect
- 敬礼 (keirei): salute, bow
- 敬老 (keirō): respect for elders
- 敬譲語 (keijōgo): polite speech
- 敬天愛人 (keiten aijin): "Revere heaven, love people."
- 失敬 (shikkei): rude
- 尊敬 (sonkei): respect
Archaic
Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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敬 |
けい Grade: 6 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 敬 (kjængH, “respectful”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Affix
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]Used in kanji compounds. Not used in isolation except as a suru verb.[1][2] See 敬する.
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
敬 |
うやまい Grade: 6 |
kun'yomi |
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 敬う (uyamau, “to respect, to esteem”).[1][2]
Alternative forms
[edit]- 敬い (uyamai)
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]More commonly spelled as 敬い with the okurigana.
Etymology 3
[edit]Used as ateji in various names.
Proper noun
[edit]- a male given name
References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]敬 (eumhun 공경할 경 (gonggyeonghal gyeong))
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]敬: Hán Việt readings: kính (
敬: Nôm readings: kính[1][2][4][5], kỉnh[2], kinh[6]
Compounds
[edit]- 恭敬 (cung kính)
- 敬重 (kính trọng)
References
[edit]- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement block
- Unspecified script characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han ideogrammic compounds
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Puxian Min lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Gan hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
- Northern Min hanzi
- Eastern Min hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
- Teochew hanzi
- Puxian Min hanzi
- Middle Chinese hanzi
- Old Chinese hanzi
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Gan verbs
- Hakka verbs
- Northern Min verbs
- Eastern Min verbs
- Hokkien verbs
- Teochew verbs
- Puxian Min verbs
- Middle Chinese verbs
- Old Chinese verbs
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Gan adjectives
- Hakka adjectives
- Northern Min adjectives
- Eastern Min adjectives
- Hokkien adjectives
- Teochew adjectives
- Puxian Min adjectives
- Middle Chinese adjectives
- Old Chinese adjectives
- Chinese proper nouns
- Mandarin proper nouns
- Cantonese proper nouns
- Gan proper nouns
- Hakka proper nouns
- Northern Min proper nouns
- Eastern Min proper nouns
- Hokkien proper nouns
- Teochew proper nouns
- Puxian Min proper nouns
- Middle Chinese proper nouns
- Old Chinese proper nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 敬
- Chinese literary terms
- Chinese surnames
- Advanced Mandarin
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese sixth grade kanji
- Japanese kyōiku kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading きょう
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading きやう
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading けい
- Japanese kanji with kun reading うやま・う
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading け
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading たか
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading たかし
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading たけ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading とし
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading のり
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ひろ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ゆき
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading よし
- Japanese terms spelled with 敬 read as けい
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms borrowed from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese affixes
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 敬
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms spelled with 敬 read as うやまい
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese proper nouns
- Japanese given names
- Japanese male given names
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Vietnamese Nom