妻
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Translingual
[edit]| Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]妻 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十中女 (JLV), four-corner 50404, composition ⿱⿻一肀女)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 257, character 30
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6140
- Dae Jaweon: page 522, character 25
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1036, character 2
- Unihan data for U+59BB
Chinese
[edit]| trad. | 妻 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 妻 | |
| alternative forms | ||
Glyph origin
[edit]| Historical forms of the character 妻 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 肀 (“hand grabbing hair”) + 女 (“woman”) ― a man grabbing a woman's hair to show ownership (marriage by capture).
Etymology
[edit]Thought to be cognate to 齊 (OC *dzêi, “same, equal (adj.), in line”) (SWJZ[1]; Karlgren, 1956) & interpreted as "an equal to her husband"; yet this is unlikely considering the realities of ancient societies (Schuessler, 2007).
Schuessler instead proposes Austroasiatic etymology: he reconstructs 妻 (OC *tshə̂i) < *k-sə̂i and compares it to Middle Khmer [script needed] (kansai, “wife”) (whence Khmer កន្សៃ (kɑnsay, “wife”)) and Khmer [script needed] (*khsay, “be female”) with *ka(n)- being a female marker (ibid.).
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): cai1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhî
- Northern Min (KCR): chí
- Eastern Min (BUC): chă̤
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ce1
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1chi
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ci
- Wade–Giles: chʻi1
- Yale: chī
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chi
- Palladius: ци (ci)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: cai1
- Yale: chāi
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsai1
- Guangdong Romanization: cei1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɐi̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhî
- Hakka Romanization System: qiˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: qi1
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chí
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰi⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chă̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɛ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ce1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰe⁵³³/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- chhe - literary;
- chhoe - vernacular.
- Middle Chinese: tshej
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ˤəj/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sʰiːl/
Definitions
[edit]妻
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 下堂妻
- 下妻 (Xiàqī)
- 三妻四妾 (sānqīsìqiè)
- 令妻
- 休妻 (xiūqī)
- 借妻
- 停妻再娶
- 偎妻靠婦 / 偎妻靠妇
- 傍妻
- 兄弟共妻
- 兒女夫妻 / 儿女夫妻
- 兩婦三妻 / 两妇三妻
- 出妻
- 初妻
- 前妻 (qiánqī)
- 大婦小妻 / 大妇小妻
- 夫妻 (fūqī)
- 夫妻兩口 / 夫妻两口
- 夫妻反目
- 夫妻店 (fūqīdiàn)
- 夫妻相 (fūqīxiàng)
- 夫妻關係 / 夫妻关系
- 夫榮妻貴 / 夫荣妻贵
- 夫榮妻顯 / 夫荣妻显
- 夫貴妻榮 / 夫贵妻荣
- 妻以夫貴 / 妻以夫贵
- 妻兒 / 妻儿 (qī'ér)
- 妻兒老小 / 妻儿老小
- 妻女 (qīnǚ)
- 妻妾 (qīqiè)
- 妻姊妹婚
- 妻子
- 妻孥 (qīnú)
- 妻室 (qīshì)
- 妻小 (qīxiǎo)
- 妻梅子鶴 / 妻梅子鹤
- 妻管嚴 / 妻管严 (qīguǎnyán)
- 妻舅 (qījiù)
- 妻親 / 妻亲
- 妻離子散 / 妻离子散 (qīlízǐsàn)
- 妻黨 / 妻党
- 娶妻 (qǔqī)
- 娶妻生子 (qǔqīshēngzǐ)
- 嫡妻 (díqī)
- 嬌妻 / 娇妻 (jiāoqī)
- 嬌妻美妾 / 娇妻美妾
- 孀妻 (shuāngqī)
- 寡妻 (guǎqī)
- 封妻廕子 / 封妻荫子
- 小妻
- 山妻 (shānqī)
- 後妻 / 后妻 (hòuqī)
- 徙宅忘妻
- 忌妻
- 患難夫妻 / 患难夫妻
- 愛妻 / 爱妻 (àiqī)
- 拋妻別子 / 抛妻别子
- 拋妻棄子 / 抛妻弃子 (pāoqīqìzǐ)
- 挑妻窩夫 / 挑妻窝夫
- 指腳夫妻 / 指脚夫妻
- 旁妻
- 未婚妻 (wèihūnqī)
- 杞梁妻
- 柴米夫妻
- 梅妻鶴子 / 梅妻鹤子 (méiqīhèzǐ)
- 次妻 (cìqī)
- 正妻 (zhèngqī)
- 殺妻求將 / 杀妻求将
- 活人妻
- 焦仲卿妻
- 蒸藜出妻
- 玄妻
- 秋胡戲妻 / 秋胡戏妻
- 空中夫妻
- 糟糠之妻 (zāokāngzhīqī)
- 糟糠妻
- 結髮夫妻 / 结发夫妻 (jiéfà fūqī)
- 繼妻 / 继妻
- 老夫妻
- 老夫老妻 (lǎofūlǎoqī)
- 腹婚妻
- 腳頭妻 / 脚头妻
- 花燭夫妻 / 花烛夫妻
- 荊妻 / 荆妻
- 萊妻 / 莱妻
- 蔭子封妻 / 荫子封妻
- 買妻恥樵 / 买妻耻樵
- 賢妻 / 贤妻 (xiánqī)
- 賢妻良母 / 贤妻良母 (xiánqīliángmǔ)
- 賣妻鬻子 / 卖妻鬻子
- 質妻鬻子 / 质妻鬻子
- 逃妻
- 雇妻鬻子
- 露水夫妻
- 頭妻 / 头妻
- 首妻
- 髮妻 / 发妻 (fàqī)
Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cì
- Wade–Giles: chʻi4
- Yale: chì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chih
- Palladius: ци (ci)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: cai3
- Yale: chai
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsai3
- Guangdong Romanization: cei3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɐi̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: tshejH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ˤəj-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sʰiːls/
Definitions
[edit]妻
- † to give a wife to; to give as a wife; to become married to a man
- 子謂公冶長，「可妻也。雖在縲絏之中，非其罪也」。以其子妻之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
- Zǐ wèi Gōngyě Cháng, “kě qì yě. Suī zài léiyì zhī zhōng, fēi qí zuì yě”. Yǐ qí zǐ qì zhī. [Pinyin]
- The Master said of Gongye Chang that he might be wived; although he was put in bonds, he had not been guilty of any crime. Accordingly, he gave him his own daughter to wife.
子谓公冶长，「可妻也。虽在缧绁之中，非其罪也」。以其子妻之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- † to marry a woman
- 好色，人之所欲，妻帝之二女，而不足以解憂； [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
- hǎosè, rén zhī suǒyù, qī dì zhī èrnǚ, ér bùzú yǐ jiěyōu; [Pinyin]
- To lust after feminine beauty is men's desire, and Shun married as wives Emperor Yao's two daughters, yet that was not enough to rid Shun of Shun's sorrow.
好色，人之所欲，妻帝之二女，而不足以解忧； [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]妻
Readings
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 妻 |
| つま Grade: 5 |
| kun'yomi |
From 端 (tsuma, “side, edge”), indicating the person who is at the side of someone: a spouse.[1] Compare the English expression better half.
This term originally referred to either a male (husband) or female (wife) spouse. In modern usage, this term refers only to a female spouse.[1]
Alternative forms
[edit]- 夫 (archaic)
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- (archaic) a spouse
- (humble, only refers to one's own) a wife (married woman)
- 1999 February 15 [1983 June 20], Osamu Tezuka, “第８話 未知への挑戦 [Chapter 8: Challenge of the Third Kind]”, in ブラック・ジャック [Black Jack], 8th edition, volume 18 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, page 176:
- 先生………………私の妻は美しいでしょう？
- Sensei……………… watashi no tsuma wa utsukushii deshō?
- Doctor... Do you think my wife is beautiful?
- Ā! Subarashii bijin desu yo!
- Sure! She’s a gorgeous lady!
- 先生………………私の妻は美しいでしょう？
Synonyms
[edit]- (one’s own wife): 家内 (kanai)
- (someone else's wife): 奥さん (okusan), 奥様 (okusama)
- (spouse in general): 配偶者 (haigūsha)
- (dialectal, Kansai) 嫁 (yome)
- (dialectal, Kagoshima) うっかた (ukkata)
Etymology 2
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 妻 |
| つま Grade: 5 |
| kun'yomi |
By extension from the at the side sense.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- a side dish
- a tangent, a digression, something to the side of the main thing
Etymology 3
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 妻 |
| さい Grade: 5 |
| goon |
From Middle Chinese 妻 (MC tshej|tshejH, “wife”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- my wife
- Isikawa Takuboku, Romazi Nikki
- Yo wa Sai wo aisiteru; aisiteru kara koso kono Nikki wo yomase taku nai no da.
- I love my Wife; it is precisely because I love her that I do not want her to read this Diary.
- Isikawa Takuboku, Romazi Nikki
Usage notes
[edit]- Used chiefly in written texts such as letters.
References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 妻 (MC tshej).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 촁 (Yale: chyèy) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] | 겨〯집 (Yale: kyěcìp) | 쳐 (Yale: chyè) |
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕʰʌ̹]
- Phonetic hangul: [처]
Hanja
[edit]
Compounds
[edit]Compounds
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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