冶

冶 U+51B6, 冶 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51B6 ← 况 [U+51B5] CJK Unified Ideographs 冷 → [U+51B7]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

冶 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈一戈口 (IMIR), four-corner 3316₀, composition ⿰冫台)

Derived characters

• 𬜷

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 131, character 31
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1621
• Dae Jaweon: page 295, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 296, character 7
• Unihan data for U+51B6

Chinese

simp. and trad.		冶

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 冶
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yě (ye³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄝˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): je⁵
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yâ
• Northern Min (KCR): iǎ
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iá

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yě
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yě
    • Wade–Giles: yeh³
    • Yale: yě
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yee
    • Palladius: е (je)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: je⁵
    • Yale: yéh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: je⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: yé⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛː¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yâ
    • Hakka Romanization System: ia^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ya¹
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯a²⁴/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yâ
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)ia^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ya¹
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯a²⁴/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: iǎ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ia²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iá
    • Tâi-lô: iá
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iar
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ia⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ia⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ia⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ia⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ia⁴¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: yaeX

Rime
Character	冶
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	羊者切
Baxter	yaeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiaX/
Pan Wuyun	/jiaX/
Shao Rongfen	/iaX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiaX/
Li Rong	/iaX/
Wang Li	/jĭaX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯aX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yě
Expected Cantonese Reflex	je5

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*laːʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	冶
Reading #	1/1
No.	14811
Phonetic component	冶
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	野
Old Chinese	/*laːʔ/

Definitions

冶

1. to smelt (metal)

   冶煉／冶炼  ―  yěliàn  ―  to smelt (metal)

   冶金  ―  yějīn  ―  metallurgy

   陶冶  ―  táoyě  ―  to make pottery and smelt metal; (by extension) to shape; to cultivate

2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) smelter (someone who casts metal)
3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) smelting furnace
4. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) smelter (a place where smelting or casting is done)
5. (derogatory, of woman's look) seductive; bewitching

   妖冶  ―  yāoyě  ―  seductive; bewitching

   冶容  ―  yěróng  ―  to dress up seductively; seductive look

6. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 野
7. a surname

Compounds

• 丰姿冶麗
• 佳冶
• 倡條冶葉 / 倡条冶叶
• 公冶 (Gōngyě)
• 公冶長 / 公冶长
• 冶坊
• 冶容 (yěróng)
• 冶容誨淫 / 冶容诲淫
• 冶工
• 冶煉 / 冶炼 (yěliàn)
• 冶父
• 冶葛
• 冶葉倡條 / 冶叶倡条
• 冶蕩 / 冶荡
• 冶豔 / 冶艳
• 冶遊 / 冶游 (yěyóu)
• 冶金 (yějīn)
• 大冶 (Dàyě)
• 大冶鐵礦 / 大冶铁矿
• 大冶鐵路 / 大冶铁路
• 妖冶 (yāoyě)
• 姚冶
• 嬌冶 / 娇冶
• 宋畫吳冶 / 宋画吴冶
• 容冶
• 弓冶
• 朝冶
• 歐冶子 / 欧冶子
• 歐冶鑄劍 / 欧冶铸剑
• 舉止閑冶 / 举止闲冶
• 良冶
• 融冶
• 豔冶 / 艳冶 (yànyě)
• 遊冶 / 游冶
• 鍊冶 / 炼冶
• 鎔冶 / 镕冶 (róngyě)
• 鑪冶 / 𬬻冶
• 陶冶 (táoyě)
• 電冶 / 电冶

Japanese

Kanji

冶

(Jōyō kanji)

1. smelting

Readings

• Go-on: や (ya, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: や (ya, Jōyō)
• Kun: いる (iru, 冶る)

Compounds

• 冶金(やきん) (yakin): metallurgy
• 冶容(やよう) (yayō): to put on makeup; a charming figure

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 冶 (MC yaeX).

Historical Readings
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1]	불무 (Yale: pwùlmwù)	야〯 (Yale: yă)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ja̠(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [야(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

冶 (eumhun 풀무 야 (pulmu ya))

1. hanja form^? of 야 (“lewd, NSFW, erotic, sexy”) [prefix; adjectival root]
2. hanja form^? of 야 (“smelting; smelter”) [affix]

Compounds

• 단야 (鍛冶, danya, “smelting”)
• 도야 (陶冶, doya, “self-cultivation”)
• 야공 (冶工, yagong, “smelter”)
• 야금 (冶金, yageum, “metallurgy”)
• 야동 (冶動, yadong, “porn video”)
• 야사 (冶寫, yasa, “NSFW photo”)
• 야설 (冶說, yaseol, “erotic fiction”)
• 야용 (冶容, yayong, “dressing up seductively”)

Vietnamese

Han character

冶: Hán Nôm readings: dã

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation