雖

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See also: 虽
雖 U+96D6, 雖
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96D6
← 雕
[U+96D5] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 雗 →
[U+96D7]

Translingual

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Han character

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雖 (Kangxi radical 172, 隹+9, 17 strokes, cangjie input 口戈人土 (RIOG), four-corner 60114, composition ⿰虽隹)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1368, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42104
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1872, character 39
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4103, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+96D6

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 雖
Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Qin slip script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (唯) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
匯 *ɢʷrɯːlʔ, *kʰʷriːl
擓 *kʰʷriːl
淮 *ɡʷriːl
睢 *qʰʷel, *sqʰʷil, *qʰʷi, *qʰʷils
嶉 *sqʷi
趡 *skʰʷilʔ
踓 *skʰʷilʔ, *ɢʷilʔ
雖 *sqʰʷi
濉 *sqʰʷi
倠 *qʰʷi
婎 *qʰʷil, *qʰʷils
蓶 *ɢʷi, *ɢʷiʔ
維 *ɢʷi
惟 *ɢʷi
唯 *ɢʷi, *ɢʷiʔ
濰 *ɢʷi
琟 *ɢʷil
鷕 *ɢʷiʔ, *ɢʷiʔ
帷 *ɢʷril
鵻 *sɢʷinʔ, *tjul

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqʰʷi) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 唯 (OC *ɢʷi, *ɢʷiʔ).

Originally meaning "a lizard-like reptile", the character has been phonetically borrowed to represent the sense "although".

Etymology 1

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trad. 雖
simp. 虽
alternative forms 𨿽
𧈧
𨾡

Jacques (2019) proposes this to be 維 (OC *ɢʷi, “to be”) with a converbial *s- prefix, literally "while being".

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • xu1 - vernacular;
  • sui1 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 雖
Mandarin Beijing /suei⁵⁵/
Harbin /suei²⁴/
Tianjin /suei⁴⁵/
Jinan /suei²¹³/
Qingdao /sue²¹³/
Zhengzhou /suei²⁴/
Xi'an /suei²¹/
Xining /suɨ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /suei⁵³/
Lanzhou /suei³¹/
Ürümqi /suei⁴⁴/
Wuhan /sei⁵⁵/
Chengdu /ɕy⁵⁵/
/suei⁵⁵/
Guiyang /ɕi⁵⁵/
Kunming /suei⁴⁴/
Nanjing /suəi³¹/
Hefei /se²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /suei¹¹/
Pingyao /suei¹³/
Hohhot /suei³¹/
Wu Shanghai /sø⁵³/
Suzhou /se̞⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /sz̩ʷei³³/
Wenzhou /sz̩³³/
Hui Shexian /ɕye⁴⁴/
Tunxi /se¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /sei³³/
Xiangtan /səi³³/
Gan Nanchang /sui⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /sui⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /sui²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /søy⁵³/
Nanning /ɬui⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /søy⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sui⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sʰuoi⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /sy⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /sui³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /tui²³/
Rime
Character 雖
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 脂 (16)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息遺切
Baxter swij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/siuɪ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/sʷi/
Shao
Rongfen 		/sjuɪ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/swi/
Li
Rong 		/sui/
Wang
Li 		/swi/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/swi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		suī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		seoi1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 雖
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		suī
Middle
Chinese 		‹ swij ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s-qʷij/
English although; even if

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 雖
Reading # 1/1
No. 12844
Phonetic
component 		唯
Rime
group 		脂
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		綏
Old
Chinese 		/*sqʰʷi/

Definitions

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雖

  1. although; even if; despite
    麻雀雖小，五臟俱全 [MSC, trad.]
    麻雀虽小，五脏俱全 [MSC, simp.]
    máquè suī xiǎo, wǔzàng jùquán [Pinyin]
    A sparrow may be small, but it has all its vital organs. (proverb)
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 雖然 (“although”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 雖
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 雖然, 雖則, 雖說
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 雖然
Taiwan 雖然
Harbin 雖說
Singapore 雖然
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 雖說
Xi'an 雖說
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 雖然, 雖說
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 雖說
Cantonese Guangzhou 雖然, 雖則
Hong Kong 雖然, 雖則
Taishan 雖然
Singapore (Guangfu) 雖然
Gan Nanchang 雖話
Hakka Meixian 雖然
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 雖然
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 雖然
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 雖然
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 雖然
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 雖然
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 雖然
Huizhou Jixi 雖則其然
Eastern Min Fuzhou 雖然
Southern Min Xiamen 雖然, 雖罔, 雖講
Quanzhou 雖然
Zhangzhou 雖然, 雖罔
Tainan 雖然, 雖罔
Singapore (Hokkien) 雖然
Manila (Hokkien) 雖然
Jieyang 雖呾, 名呾
Singapore (Teochew) 雖然
Wu Shanghai 雖然, 雖則
Shanghai (Chongming) 雖則
Ningbo 雖則
Xiang Changsha 雖然得, 雖然得是

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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trad. 雖
simp. 虽
alternative forms 𧐌
𨾡

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 雖
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 脂 (16)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息遺切
Baxter swij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/siuɪ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/sʷi/
Shao
Rongfen 		/sjuɪ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/swi/
Li
Rong 		/sui/
Wang
Li 		/swi/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/swi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		suī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		seoi1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 雖
Reading # 1/1
No. 12844
Phonetic
component 		唯
Rime
group 		脂
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		綏
Old
Chinese 		/*sqʰʷi/

Definitions

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雖

  1. † lizard-like reptile

Etymology 3

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trad. 雖
simp. 虽

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “related to 推?”)

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 雖
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 脂 (16)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息遺切
Baxter swij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/siuɪ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/sʷi/
Shao
Rongfen 		/sjuɪ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/swi/
Li
Rong 		/sui/
Wang
Li 		/swi/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/swi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		suī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		seoi1

Definitions

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雖

  1. ‡ to push

Etymology 4

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trad. 雖
simp. 虽

From Hokkien 衰 (soe, “unlucky”).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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雖

  1. (chiefly Taiwan, slang) Alternative form of 衰 (“unlucky; unimpressive”)
    太雖了！／太虽了！  ―  Tài suī le!  ―  So unlucky! / So boring!

Japanese

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Kanji

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雖

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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  • Go-on: すい (sui)
  • Kan-on: すい (sui)
  • Kun: いえども (iedomo, 雖も)

Korean

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Etymology 1

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Hanja

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雖 (eumhun 비록 수 (birok su))

  1. hanja form? of 수 (“although”)

Etymology 2

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Hanja

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雖 (eumhun 벌레 이름 수 (beolle ireum su))

  1. hanja form? of 수 (“The name of a bug”)

Etymology 3

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Hanja

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雖 (eumhun 짐승 이름 유 (jimseung ireum yu))

  1. hanja form? of 유 (“The name of a beast”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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雖: Hán Nôm readings: tuy

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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