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疑

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
疑 U+7591, 疑
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7591
← 疐
[U+7590] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 疒 →
[U+7592]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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疑 (Kangxi radical 103, 疋+9, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心大弓戈人 (PKNIO), four-corner 27481, composition ⿰𠤕⿱龴疋)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 768, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22007
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1178, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2751, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+7591

Chinese

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trad. 疑
simp. # 疑
2nd round simp. ⿰忄以

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (疑) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
礙 *ŋɯːs
儗 *ŋɯːs, *hŋɯːs, *ŋɯʔ, *ŋɯs
懝 *ŋɯːs, *ŋɯɡ
譺 *ŋrɯːs, *ŋɯʔ, *ŋɯs
癡 *ŋ̊ʰl'ɯ
疑 *ŋɯ
嶷 *ŋɯ, *ŋɯɡ
觺 *ŋɯ
擬 *ŋɯʔ
薿 *ŋɯʔ, *ŋɯɡ
凝 *ŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋs
疑 (yí) from the Mawangdui manuscripts, Western Han.

Originally an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 大 or 文 (“standing human figure”) + 夂 (“tilted head with open mouth”) + 丨 (“cane”) – a man with a cane looking around with his mouth wide open, not know where to go – to be confused; to doubt. Compare: 欠 and 既, both showing the "open-mouth" component but on a seated figure. In the oracle bone script and bronze inscriptions, 彳 or 辵 = 彳 + 止 (“foot; toes”) was often added to indicate travelling or movement.

Various components were added later, e.g. 牛 in the bronze script of Western Zhou, 子 in the Qin-style scripts including the proto-clerical script, and 乙 in the early clerical script of Western Han. Meanwhile the main graphical element showing a standing figure eventually became 𠤕 or sometimes 矣 as in the Chu-style script (shown in the table). The Chu also added a 心 (“heart”) component indicating "the mind".

The Shuowen, in which headwords were written in the Qin-style seal script, interpreted the character as “a child standing on an obstructed road to compare the paths”: semantic 子 (“child”) + semantic 止 (“to be obstructed”) + semantic 匕 (“to compare”) + phonetic 矢 (OC *hliʔ). Duan Yucai's commentary on Shuowen offered an alternative interpretation, pointing out that 矢 was unlikely to have a the phonetic component: semantic 子 (“child”) + semantic 𠤕 (“uncertain”) + phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ). However, it is unlikely that any of the currently extant components had once indicated the pronunciation. Zhengzhang (2003) conjectured that the 子 was a corruption of 牛 (OC *ŋʷɯ) that had been the phonetic component.

The current form is derived from the Qin–Han clerical scripts, where on the right-hand side the elements 子 + 止 or 子 + 乙 have recombined into 龴 + 疋.

Etymology

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Perhaps related to 礙 (OC *ŋɯːs, “to obstruct”) (Schuessler, 2007); Cf. Proto-Tibeto-Burman *ʔ/N-g(r)ak (“to block; to obstruct”) (STEDT, provisional).

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 疑
Mandarin Beijing /i³⁵/
Harbin /i²⁴/
Tianjin /i⁴⁵/
Jinan /i⁴²/
Qingdao /i⁴²/
Zhengzhou /i⁴²/
Xi'an /ni²⁴/
Xining /ji²⁴/
Yinchuan /i⁵³/
Lanzhou /i⁵³/
Ürümqi /i⁵¹/
Wuhan /ni²¹³/
Chengdu /ȵi³¹/
Guiyang /ni²¹/ 老
/i²¹/ 新
Kunming /ni³¹/
Nanjing /i²⁴/
Hefei /zz̩⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /i¹¹/
Pingyao /ȵi¹³/
Hohhot /i³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ȵi²³/
Suzhou /ȵi¹³/
Hangzhou /ȵi²¹³/
Wenzhou /ȵi³¹/
Hui Shexian /ni⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ȵi⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ȵi¹³/
Xiangtan /ȵi¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ȵi⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /ŋi¹¹/
Taoyuan /ŋi¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /ji²¹/
Nanning /ni²¹/
Hong Kong /ji²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /gi³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ŋi⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ŋi²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /gi⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ŋi³¹/
Rime
Character 疑
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 語其切
Baxter ngi
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋɨ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋɨ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋie/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋɨ/
Li
Rong 		/ŋiə/
Wang
Li 		/ŋĭə/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ŋi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ji4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 疑
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yí
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ngi ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ŋ](r)ə/ (< uvular)
English doubt

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 疑
Reading # 1/1
No. 14894
Phonetic
component 		疑
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		疑
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋɯ/
Notes 甲金文象人行道回顧遲疑狀，
金文或加牛聲後訛爲子，
非矢聲

Definitions

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疑

  1. to doubt; to question
    Antonym: 信
    1. doubtful
    2. question; query
  2. to suspect
    1. suspicious
  3. 62nd tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "doubt, unconfidence" (𝍃)
  4. as if
  5. (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 疑 (MC ngi)

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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疑

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. doubt
  2. suspect

Readings

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Compounds

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Korean

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Hanja

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疑 • (ui, eung) (hangeul 의, 응, revised ui, eung, McCune–Reischauer ŭi, ŭng, Yale uy, ung)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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疑: Hán Nôm readings: nghi

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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