語

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See also: 语
語 U+8A9E, 語
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A9E
← 誝
[U+8A9D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 誟 →
[U+8A9F]

Translingual

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Stroke order
14 strokes

Han character

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語 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜口一一口 (YRMMR), four-corner 01661, composition ⿰訁吾)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1163, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35533
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1628, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3974, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+8A9E

Chinese

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trad. 語
simp. 语

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 語
Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (五) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
吾 *ŋraː, *ŋaː
衙 *ŋraː, *ŋa, *ŋaʔ
鼯 *ŋaː
浯 *ŋaː
珸 *ŋaː
郚 *ŋaː
齬 *ŋaː, *ŋa, *ŋaʔ
鯃 *ŋaː
娪 *ŋaː
梧 *ŋaː
峿 *ŋaː
五 *ŋaːʔ
伍 *ŋaːʔ
寤 *ŋaːs
啎 *ŋaːs
晤 *ŋaːs
悟 *ŋaːs
逜 *ŋaːs
窹 *ŋaːs
捂 *ŋaːs
鋙 *ŋa, *ŋaʔ
語 *ŋaʔ, *ŋas
圄 *ŋaʔ
敔 *ŋaʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaʔ, *ŋas) : semantic 言 + phonetic 吾 (OC *ŋraː, *ŋaː).

Etymology

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Compare Tibetan ངག (ngag, “speech”).

According to Schuessler (2007), 言 (OC *ŋan, “to speak; speech; talk”) is 語 (OC *ŋaʔ) with a nominal n-suffix.

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • General Taiwanese:
    • gí/gú - vernacular;
    • gú - literary.
Note: 3gniur / 3gniunnr - see 語兒.
Rime
Character 語
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 魚巨切
Baxter ngjoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋɨʌX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋiɔX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋiɔX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋɨə̆X/
Li
Rong 		/ŋiɔX/
Wang
Li 		/ŋĭoX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ŋi̯woX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyu5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 語
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yǔ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ngjoX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋ(r)aʔ/
English speak

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 語
Reading # 1/2
No. 13159
Phonetic
component 		五
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		語
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋaʔ/

Definitions

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語

  1. to speak; to say
  2. (of an animal) to chirp; to hoot
  3. speech; language
  4. (linguistics) spoken language (contrary to written language 文)
  5. expression; words
  6. saying; proverb; set phrase
  7. movement or signal which transmits information
  8. chirping; tweet

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

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Rime
Character 語
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 牛倨切
Baxter ngjoH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋɨʌH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋiɔH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋiɔH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋɨə̆H/
Li
Rong 		/ŋiɔH/
Wang
Li 		/ŋĭoH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ŋi̯woH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyu6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 語
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ngjoH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋ(r)aʔ-s/
English tell

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 語
Reading # 2/2
No. 13165
Phonetic
component 		五
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		御
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋas/

Definitions

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語

  1. † to tell; to inform

Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (語):
  • → Japanese: 語(ご) (go)
  • → Korean: 어(語) (eo)
  • → Vietnamese: ngữ (語)

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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語

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology

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Kanji in this term
語
ご
Grade: 2
goon
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

From Middle Chinese 語 (MC ngjoX).

Pronunciation

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This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

When used as a suffix, the resulting word is always heiban.

Noun

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語(ご) • (go) 

  1. (linguistics) a word, term
    Synonyms: 言葉 (kotoba), 単語 (tango)
  2. a proverb
    Synonyms: 諺 (kotowaza), 成句 (seiku)

Derived terms

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Derived terms

Suffix

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語(ご) • (-go) 

  1. language of, -ese, -ish
    日(に)本(ほん)語(ご) ― nihongo ― Japanese
    英(えい)語(ご) ― eigo ― English
    スペイン語(ご) ― supeingo ― Spanish

Derived terms

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Derived terms

Affix

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語(ご) • (go) 

  1. talk, speak
  2. word, language, term
  3. Short for 物語 (monogatari): story, tale, narrative

Derived terms

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Derived terms

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 語 (MC ngjoX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅌᅥᆼ〯 (Yale: ngě)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 말〯ᄉᆞᆷ〮 (Yale: mǎlsóm) 어〯 (Yale: ě)

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɘ(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [어(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

語 (eumhun 말씀 어 (malsseum eo))

  1. hanja form? of 어 (“language of; -ese; -ish”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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語: Hán Việt readings: ngữ[1][2][3]
語: Nôm readings: ngỡ[1][2][3][4], ngửa[1][2][3][4], ngữ[1][2][3], ngứa[1][3], ngợ[3][4], gỡ[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of ngữ (“language”).
  2. Nôm form of ngỡ (“to think that”).

Compounds

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Hồ (1976).
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