衙

衙 U+8859, 衙 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8859 ← 衘 [U+8858] CJK Unified Ideographs 衚 → [U+885A]

Translingual

Han character

衙 (Kangxi radical 144, 行+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 竹人一口弓 (HOMRN), four-corner 2160₁, composition ⿴行吾 or ⿲彳吾亍)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1109, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34061
• Dae Jaweon: page 1574, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 837, character 7
• Unihan data for U+8859

Chinese

simp. and trad.		衙

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (五) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
吾	*ŋraː, *ŋaː
衙	*ŋraː, *ŋa, *ŋaʔ
鼯	*ŋaː
浯	*ŋaː
珸	*ŋaː
郚	*ŋaː
齬	*ŋaː, *ŋa, *ŋaʔ
鯃	*ŋaː
娪	*ŋaː
梧	*ŋaː
峿	*ŋaː
五	*ŋaːʔ
伍	*ŋaːʔ
寤	*ŋaːs
啎	*ŋaːs
晤	*ŋaːs
悟	*ŋaːs
逜	*ŋaːs
窹	*ŋaːs
捂	*ŋaːs
鋙	*ŋa, *ŋaʔ
語	*ŋaʔ, *ŋas
圄	*ŋaʔ
敔	*ŋaʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋraː, *ŋa, *ŋaʔ) : semantic 行 + phonetic 吾 (OC *ŋraː, *ŋaː).

Etymology 1

From 牙 (MC ngae, “tooth”):

近代通謂府廷為公衙，公衙即古之公朝也。字本作「牙」。《詩》曰：「祈父予王之爪牙。」祈父，司馬，掌武備，象猛獸，以爪牙為衛。故軍前大旗謂之「牙旗」，出師則有建牙、禡牙之事，軍中聽號令，必至牙旗之下，稱與府朝無異。近俗尚武，是以通呼公府為公牙，府門為牙門。字稱訛變，轉而為「衙」也。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]

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近代通谓府廷为公衙，公衙即古之公朝也。字本作「牙」。《诗》曰：「祈父予王之爪牙。」祈父，司马，掌武备，象猛兽，以爪牙为卫。故军前大旗谓之「牙旗」，出师则有建牙、祃牙之事，军中听号令，必至牙旗之下，称与府朝无异。近俗尚武，是以通呼公府为公牙，府门为牙门。字称讹变，转而为「衙」也。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

From: Tang dynasty, 封演 (Feng Yan), 《封氏聞見記》 (Master Feng's Records of Things Heard and Seen)

Jìndài tōng wèi fǔtíng wèi gōngyá, gōngyá jí gǔ zhī gōngcháo yě. Zì běn zuò “yá”. “Shī” yuē: “Qífù yǔ wáng zhī zhǎoyá.” Qífù, sīmǎ, zhǎng wǔbèi, xiàng měngshòu, yǐ zhǎoyá wèi wèi. Gù jūn qián dà qí wèi zhī “yáqí”, chūshī zé yǒu jiànyá, màyá zhī shì, jūn zhōng tīng hàolìng, bì zhì yáqí zhī xià, chēng yǔ fǔcháo wú yì. Jìn sú shàngwǔ, shì yǐ tōng hū gōngfǔ wèi gōngyá, fǔmén wèi yámén. Zì chēng ébiàn, zhuǎn ér wèi “yá” yě. [Pinyin]

In the recent era, the official court is commonly known as gongya ("official tooth"), which is gongchao ("official court") in ancient times. The character is originally 牙. The Classic of Poetry says, "Qifu, we are the claws and teeth of the king." Qifu is the minister of war, who is in charge of weaponry and, like a ferocious beast, defends using his claws and teeth. Hence the large banner before the army is known as the "tooth banner"; when sending the troops out, the tooth banner is erected and offered sacrifices; when listening to military orders, the army must be under the tooth banner; this is no different from the government office. In recent times, military affairs are commonly revered, so the gongfu is known as gongya and the fumen is known as yamen. The character has changed into 衙.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): yá (ya²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄚˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ya²

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): я (i͡a, I)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ngaa⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): nga³

• Gan (Wiktionary): nga⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngà
• Northern Min (KCR): ngâ
• Eastern Min (BUC): ngà
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): gê / gêe / gâ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ghê⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶nga
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ia²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yá
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄚˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yá
    • Wade–Giles: ya²
    • Yale: yá
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ya
    • Palladius: я (ja)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jä³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: ya²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ia
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ia²¹/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: я (i͡a, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ia²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ngaa⁴
    • Yale: ngàh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngaa⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: nga⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋaː²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: nga³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵑɡa²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: nga⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋa³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngà
    • Hakka Romanization System: nga^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: nga²
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋa¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngâ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋa³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ngà
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋa⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gê
    • Tâi-lô: gê
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gee
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡe²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ɡe²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gêe
    • Tâi-lô: gêe
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡɛ¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gâ
    • Tâi-lô: gâ
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gaa
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡa¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /ɡa²⁴/

Note:

• gê/gêe - vernacular;
• gâ - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: ghê⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: gê
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɡe⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶nga
    • MiniDict: nga^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nga
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ŋa²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: ia²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i̯a̠¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: ngae

Rime
Character	衙
Reading #	2/3
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	五加切
Baxter	ngae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠa/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋa/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋaɨ/
Li Rong	/ŋa/
Wang Li	/ŋa/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋa/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yá
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngaa4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋraː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	衙
Reading #	1/3
No.	13136
Phonetic component	五
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	牙
Old Chinese	/*ŋraː/
Notes	秦地又牙分化字

Definitions

衙

1. public office

   • 身列四衙半夜路 [Literary Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: 康熙十架頌

     shēn liè sì yá bànyè lù [Pinyin]

     He stood before four offices on the midnight road

2. official residence
3. a surname

Compounds

• 三衙
• 三衙家
• 判衙
• 吃衙門飯／吃衙门饭
• 官衙 (guānyá)
• 府衙 (fǔyá)
• 押衙
• 捕衙
• 排衙
• 散衙
• 早衙
• 柳衙
• 清水衙門／清水衙门
• 總理衙門／总理衙门
• 蜂衙
• 衙內／衙内
• 衙官屈宋
• 衙役 (yáyì)
• 衙推
• 衙署 (yáshǔ)
• 衙蠹
• 衙門／衙门
• 衙院人家

 

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yú, yǔ (yu², yu³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩˊ, ㄩˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁴ / jyu⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yú
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yú
    • Wade–Giles: yü²
    • Yale: yú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yu
    • Palladius: юй (juj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yǔ
    • Wade–Giles: yü³
    • Yale: yǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeu
    • Palladius: юй (juj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jyu⁴ / jyu⁵
    • Yale: yùh / yúh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁴ / jy⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: yu⁴ / yu⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²¹/, /jyː¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: ngjo, ngjoX

Rime
Character	衙	衙
Reading #	1/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	語居切	魚巨切
Baxter	ngjo	ngjoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨʌ/	/ŋɨʌX/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋiɔ/	/ŋiɔX/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiɔ/	/ŋiɔX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɨə̆/	/ŋɨə̆X/
Li Rong	/ŋiɔ/	/ŋiɔX/
Wang Li	/ŋĭo/	/ŋĭoX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋi̯wo/	/ŋi̯woX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yú	yǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu4	jyu5

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋa/, /*ŋaʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	衙	衙
Reading #	2/3	3/3
No.	13158	13164
Phonetic component	五	五
Rime group	魚	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	魚	語
Old Chinese	/*ŋa/	/*ŋaʔ/

Definitions

衙

1. Only used in 衙衙 (“walking; marching (of troops)”).

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yù (yu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yù
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yù
    • Wade–Giles: yü⁴
    • Yale: yù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
    • Palladius: юй (juj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y⁵¹/

Definitions

衙

1. ^† Short for 由衙 (“a kind of bamboo”).
2. ^† Alternative form of 禦／御 (yù, “to resist; to block”)
3. ^† Alternative form of 禦／御 (yù, “violent; tyrannical”)

References

• “衙”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

衙

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: げ (ge)、ご (go)
• Kan-on: が (ga)、ぎょ (gyo)
• Kun: やくしょ (yakusho)

Korean

Hanja

衙 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a, Yale a)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.