ga

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ga"
Languages (43)
Translingual
Aeka • Anguthimri • Ashkun • Bisu • Djambarrpuyngu • Drung • Dutch • Ewe • Fijian • Haitian Creole • Hiw • Indonesian • Irish • Japanese • Kaingang • Lombard • Lower Sorbian • Mandarin • Manx • Middle Dutch • Middle English • Mwotlap • Northern Kurdish • Norwegian Bokmål • Old English • Phalura • Romanian • Scottish Gaelic • Serbo-Croatian • Slovincian • Sumerian • Tagalog • Teribe • Venetan • Vietnamese • Welsh • Western Apache • Wutunhua • Yola • Yoruba • Zazaki • Zhuang
Page categories

Translingual

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Etymology

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Clipping of Irish Gaeilge

Symbol

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ga

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Irish.

See also

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Aeka

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Noun

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ga

  1. rain

Further reading

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  • transnewguinea.org, citing both Wilson (1969) and McElhanon and Voorhoeve (1970)
  • James Farr, Robert Larson, A Selective Word List in Ten Different Binandere Languages
  • Papers in New Guinea Linguistics (1971), issues 8-9, pages 80-81, using a wordlist furnished by Capell

Anguthimri

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Noun

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ga

  1. (Mpakwithi) mouth

Verb

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ga

  1. (transitive, Mpakwithi) to poke
  2. (transitive, Mpakwithi) to peel

References

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  • Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 185

Ashkun

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Etymology

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From Proto-Nuristani *gāwā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gā́wš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ga (Sanu)[1]

  1. cow

References

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  1. ^ Strand, Richard F. (2016) “g′â”, in Nûristânî Etymological Lexicon‎[1]

Bisu

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ga (Thai spelling กงา)

  1. I

Djambarrpuyngu

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Conjunction

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ga

  1. and

References

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Drung

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Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ga.

Noun

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ga

  1. saddle

References

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  • Ross Perlin (2019) A Grammar of Trung‎[2], Santa Barbara: University of California

Dutch

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Pronunciation

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  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -aː
  • IPA(key): /ɣaː/

Verb

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ga

  1. inflection of gaan:
    1. first-person singular present indicative
    2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
    3. imperative
    4. (dated or formal) singular present subjunctive
    ga! ― go!

Ewe

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Noun

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ga

  1. metal
  2. money

Fijian

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Pronunciation

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Adverb

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ga

  1. only

Conjunction

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ga

  1. but

Synonyms

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Noun

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ga

  1. duck

Haitian Creole

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Etymology

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From French gare.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ga

  1. station, terminal

Hiw

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Etymology

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From Proto-Torres-Banks *ɣaya, an irregular reflex of Proto-Oceanic *kawaʀ, metathesis of *wakaʀ (“root”). Cognate with Mwotlap ga and Lo-Toga gi, and also with Proto-Polynesian *kawa (whence Tongan kava).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ga

  1. kava plant, Piper methysticum
  2. kava, an intoxicating beverage made from the kava plant.

References

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Indonesian

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Adverb

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ga

  1. Alternative form of (eng)gak

Irish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Apparently a conflation of Old Irish gath,[1] goth (“spear”)[2] with the synonymous gae (“spear”),[3] from Proto-Celtic *gaisos (“spear”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰays- (“spear”). Cognate with Welsh gwayw and Latin gaesum (a Gaulish loanword) as well as Old English gār.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ga m (genitive singular ga or gaoi, nominative plural gathanna or gaoi or gaoithe)

  1. spear (long stick with a sharp tip), dart
  2. dart, sting
    Chuir an cat a gha ann. ― The cat clawed him.
  3. ray (beam of light or radiation)
  4. (geometry) radius (line segment between any point on the circumference of a circle and its center; length of this segment)
  5. (medicine) suppository
  6. (fishing) gaff

Declension

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Declension of ga (fourth declension)
bare forms
case singular plural
nominative ga gathanna
vocative a gha a ghathanna
genitive ga gathanna
dative ga gathanna
forms with the definite article
case singular plural
nominative an ga na gathanna
genitive an gha na ngathanna
dative leis an nga
don gha 		leis na gathanna
  • Alternative genitive singular: gaoi
  • Alternative plural forms: gaoi, gaoithe

Derived terms

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Mutation

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Mutated forms of ga
radical lenition eclipsis
ga gha nga

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “gath”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “3 goth”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  3. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “gae”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  4. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 129
  5. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 8

Further reading

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Japanese

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Romanization

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ga

  1. The hiragana syllable が (ga) or the katakana syllable ガ (ga) in Hepburn romanization.

Kaingang

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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ga

  1. earth; land

Lombard

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Adverb

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ga

  1. (Eastern Lombard) there (in the expression of "there be")

Synonyms

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Pronoun

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ga m or f

  1. (Eastern Lombard) him; her/it (dative case)
  2. (Eastern Lombard) them (dative case)

Synonyms

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Lower Sorbian

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Pronunciation

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Adverb

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ga

  1. when

Synonyms

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Further reading

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  • Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “ga”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
  • Starosta, Manfred (1999) “ga”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Mandarin

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Romanization

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ga (ga5／ga0, Zhuyin ˙ㄍㄚ)

  1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 價／价

ga

  1. Nonstandard spelling of gā.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of gá.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of gǎ.
  4. Nonstandard spelling of gà.

Usage notes

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  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Manx

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Conjunction

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ga

  1. though, although
  2. albeit

Middle Dutch

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Verb

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gâ

  1. inflection of gâen:
    1. first-person singular present indicative
    2. first/third-person singular present subjunctive

Middle English

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Verb

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ga

  1. (Early Middle English, Northern) Alternative form of gon (“to go”)

Mwotlap

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Etymology

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From Proto-Torres-Banks *ɣaya, an irregular reflex of Proto-Oceanic *kawaʀ, metathesis of *wakaʀ (“root”). Cognate with Hiw ga and Lo-Toga gi, and also with Proto-Polynesian *kawa (whence Tongan kava).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ga (determinate naga)

  1. kava plant, Piper methysticum
  2. kava, an intoxicating beverage made from the kava plant.

References

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Northern Kurdish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Iranian *gā́wš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gā́wš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws. Related to Persian گاو (gâv).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ga ?

  1. ox
  2. bull

Norwegian Bokmål

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Alternative forms

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Verb

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ga

  1. simple past of gi

Old English

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Verb

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gā

  1. inflection of gān:
    1. first-person singular present indicative
    2. singular present subjunctive

Phalura

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Etymology 1

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From Sanskrit किम् (kim, “what? why? (interrogative particle)”).

Pronunciation

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Determiner

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ga (indefinite, Perso-Arabic spelling گہ)

  1. any
  2. what (kind), which

References

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  • Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “ga”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[3], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ga”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Etymology 2

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ga (indefinite, Perso-Arabic spelling گہ)

  1. what
  2. that

References

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  • Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “ga”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[4], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Etymology 3

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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ga (conjunction, Perso-Arabic spelling گہ)

  1. Complementizer/relativizer
  2. that
  3. which
  4. who
  5. where

References

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  • Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “ga”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[5], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Etymology 4

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Particle

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ga (modal, Perso-Arabic spelling گہ)

  1. Marker of inferred, assumed or presumed knowledge

References

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  • Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “ga”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[6], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Romanian

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Etymology

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Onomatopoeic.

Interjection

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ga

  1. sound made by geese

Scottish Gaelic

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Pronoun

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ga

  1. him, it (direct object)
    Bha sinn ga thuigsinn. ― We understood it.
  2. her, it (direct object)
    Cha bhi mi ga tachairt. ― I won't be meeting her.

Usage notes

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  • As him/it lenites the following word.
  • As her/it adds the prefix h- to the following word if it begins with a vowel.
    An robh thu ga h-ithe? ― Did you eat it?
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Related terms

Serbo-Croatian

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Pronoun

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ga (Cyrillic spelling га)

  1. of him (clitic genitive singular of ȏn (“he”))
  2. him (clitic accusative singular of ȏn (“he”))
  3. of it (clitic genitive singular of òno (“it”))
  4. it (clitic accusative singular of òno (“it”))

Declension

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    Inflection of 3rd-person pronouns
Singular Plural
Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
nominative ȏn òna òno òni òne òna
genitive njȅga, ga njȇ, je njȅga, ga njȋh, ih njȋh, ih njȋh, ih
dative njȅmu, mu njȏj, joj njȅmu, mu njȉma, im njȉma, im njȉma, im
accusative njȅga, ga, nj njȗ, ju, je njȅga, ga, nj njȋh, ih njȋh, ih njȋh, ih
vocative — — — — — —
locative njȅm, njȅmu njȏj njȅm, njȅmu njȉma njȉma njȉma
instrumental njȋm, njíme njȏm, njóme njȋm, njíme njȉma njȉma njȉma

Slovincian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kogъda.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈɡa/
  • Rhymes: -a
  • Syllabification: ga

Pronoun

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ga

  1. introduces either a dependent or interrogative clause in reference to time; when

Conjunction

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ga

  1. when, as; while (at the time that)
  2. when; if (under the condition that)
  3. when; because

Adverb

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ga (not comparable)

  1. sometime (at some undetermined time)

Further reading

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Sumerian

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Romanization

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ga

  1. Romanization of 𒂵 (ga)

Tagalog

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Possibly a shortened form of baga, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ba. Cognate with Cebuano ba and Malagasy va.

Particle

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ga (Baybayin spelling ᜄ) (dialectal, Batangas, Quezon, Mindoro, Marinduque)

  1. marks a sentence as interrogative
    Synonyms: ba, (dialectal) baga

Etymology 2

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Influenced by Baybayin character ᜄ (ga).

Noun

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ga (Baybayin spelling ᜄ)

  1. the name of the Latin-script letter G/g, in the Abakada alphabet
    Synonyms: (in the Filipino alphabet) dyi, (in the Abecedario) ge

See also

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Further reading

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  • “ga”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
  • Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ba₅”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Teribe

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Noun

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ga

  1. skunk

References

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  • Gamarra A., Enrique, Villagra S., Inocencio (1980) Llëbo ñaglo lok kibokwogo ëre e lanyo = Vocabulario ilustrado teribe-español‎[8] (overall work in Teribe and Spanish), Instituto Nacional de Cultura & Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 9

Venetan

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Verb

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ga

  1. third-person singular present indicative of gaver

Vietnamese

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From French gare.

Noun

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ga (𥩤)

  1. train station

Etymology 2

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From French gaz (“gas”), from Dutch gas.

Noun

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ga (𪵤)

  1. gas, such as propane and/or butane, used for a gas stove; compare khí (“gas as a chemical substance”)
    bình ga ― a gas tank
  2. carbon dioxide used for a carbonated drink
    nước ngọt có ga ― a sweet carbonated drink
  3. lighter fluid
    Bật lửa này hết ga rồi.
    This lighter's run out of fluid.
  4. (automotive) the ignited mixture of fuel and air that powers an engine; not to be confused with xăng (“gasoline”)
    xe bị rồ/oà ga ― a motorcycle with a broken throttle that accelerates while the twistgrip is released
    Nổ nãy giờ mà chẳng có ga gì hết !
    I've been trying to start my bike for hours and it's still not working!
    chạy tẹt ga ― to step on it/on the gas; to floor it; to put your foot down; to run full throttle
Derived terms

Etymology 3

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Noun

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ga

  1. (Southern Vietnam, especially Mekong Delta) Pronunciation spelling of ra (“bed sheet”).

Welsh

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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ga

  1. Soft mutation of ca.

Mutation

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Mutated forms of ca
radical soft nasal aspirate
ca ga ngha cha

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Western Apache

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Noun

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ga

  1. jackrabbit

Wutunhua

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Etymology

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From Mandarin 尕 (gǎ).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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ga

  1. small (in size, number, etc.)
    je-ge jjhakai zhungo kan-la xaige ga-li.
    This country is much smaller than China.
    (Quoted in Sandman, p. 146)
    dangga gejhai-mu ga-de shai-la ha xaitang-li da gu qhi-de yi-zek ra mi-li.
    None of our schoolchildren goes to Chinese school [i.e. schools where the medium of education is Mandarin] at the very young age.
    (Quoted in Sandman, p. 355)

References

[edit]
  • Juha Janhunen, Marja Peltomaa, Erika Sandman, Xiawu Dongzhou (2008) Wutun (LINCOM's Descriptive Grammar Series), volume 466, LINCOM Europa, →ISBN
  • Erika Sandman (2016) A Grammar of Wutun‎[9], University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN

Yola

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Verb

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ga

  1. Alternative form of gae
    • 1927, “PAUDEEN FOUGHLAAN'S WEDDEEN”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 133, line 8:
      An Paudeen hay ga her a mighty smugal.
      And Paddy, he gave her a mighty smack.

References

[edit]
  • Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, page 133

Yoruba

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

Pronunciation

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Verb

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gà

  1. to set up a collapsible device; to open out; to spread out
    Bá mi ga agbòjò yìí ― Help me open this umbrella
  2. to gape open
    Ilẹ̀ á gà jù ọ́ lọ ― The ground shall open and swallow you up
Usage notes
[edit]
  • ga before a direct object
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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  1. to set someone up for a joke; (literally) to make someone believe what may not be true of themselves in a joking manner
    mo ń gà ẹ́ ni ― I am only setting you up for a joke
  2. (transitive) to tickle
    Synonyms: rìn, rìn ní ìgàkè, gà léèégìnnì, rìn léèégìnnì

Derived terms

[edit]
[edit]

Usage notes

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  • ga before a direct object

Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

[edit]

Verb

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ga

  1. to be tall
    Antonym: kúrú
  2. (idiomatic) to be beyond that which can be tolerated or described
Synonyms
[edit]
Yoruba Varieties and Languages - ga (“to be tall”)
view map; edit data
Language FamilyVariety GroupVariety/LanguageLocationWords
Proto-Itsekiri-SEYSoutheast YorubaEastern ÀkókóÀkùngbá Àkókógùn
Ìjẹ̀búÌjẹ̀bú Òdegọn
Ìkòròdúgọn
Ṣágámùgọn
Ẹ̀pẹ́gọn
Ìkálẹ̀Òkìtìpupago
OǹdóOǹdógo
UsẹnUsẹngùn
ÌtsẹkírìÌwẹrẹgo
Proto-YorubaCentral YorubaÈkìtìÀdó Èkìtìga
Àkúrẹ́ga
Ọ̀tùn Èkìtìga
Ifẹ̀Ilé Ifẹ̀go
Òkè IgbóÒkè Igbógo
Northwest YorubaÀwórìÈbúté Mẹ́tàga
ÈkóÈkóga
ÌbàdànÌbàdànga
ÌbàràpáIgbó Òràga
Ìbọ̀lọ́Òṣogboga
ÌlọrinÌlọringa
OǹkóÌtẹ̀síwájú LGAga
Ìwàjówà LGAga
Kájọlà LGAga
Ìsẹ́yìn LGAga
Ṣakí West LGAga
Atisbo LGAga
Ọlọ́runṣògo LGAga
Ọ̀yọ́Ọ̀yọ́ga
Standard YorùbáNàìjíríàga
Bɛ̀nɛ̀ga
Northeast Yoruba/OkunÌyàgbàYàgbà East LGAga
OwéKabbaga
Ede Languages/Southwest YorubaCábɛ̀ɛ́Cábɛ̀ɛ́gù
Tchaourougù, ga
ÌcàAgouagù, ga
ÌdàácàIgbó Ìdàácàgù
Ọ̀họ̀rí/Ɔ̀hɔ̀rí-ÌjèÌkpòbɛ́ga
Kétugù
Onigbologa
Yewaga
Ifɛ̀Akpáréga, gù
Atakpaméga, gù
Bokoga
Tchettiga, gù
Northern NagoKamboleɡã
Manigrigù
Derived terms
[edit]
  • gíga (“tallness; height”)
  • ó ga! (“this is beyond description!”)

Etymology 4

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

gá

  1. to stand aloof
  2. to become tired or fed up
    Synonym: gọ́
    ọ̀rọ̀ náàá gá mi ― This matter has caused me to be fed up
Derived terms
[edit]

Zazaki

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Iranian *gā́wš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gā́wš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws. Related to Persian گاو (gâv).

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): [ˈɡɑ]
  • Hyphenation: ga

Noun

[edit]

ga

  1. ox
  2. bull
  3. (astronomy, astrology) Taurus

Zhuang

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Tai *p.qaːᴬ (“leg”). Cognate with Thai ขา (kǎa), Northern Thai ᨡᩣ, Lao ຂາ (khā), Lü ᦃᦱ (ẋaa), Shan ၶႃ (khǎa), Tai Nüa ᥑᥣᥴ (xáa), Ahom 𑜁𑜡 (khā), Bouyei gal.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ga (Sawndip forms 𮛑 or 胩 or 跏 or 軻, 1957–1982 spelling ga)

  1. (anatomy) leg
  2. leg (of a chair, table, etc.)

Classifier

[edit]

ga (1957–1982 spelling ga)

  1. quarter of (a butchered four-legged animal)
  2. one of a pair of long, thin objects (shoes, socks, gloves, chopsticks, etc.)
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