Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷṓws
Appearance
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Noun
[edit]Inflection
[edit]Athematic, acrostatic | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | |||
nominative | *gʷṓws | ||
genitive | *gʷéws | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative | *gʷṓws | *gʷówh₁(e) | *gʷówes |
vocative | *gʷów | *gʷówh₁(e) | *gʷówes |
accusative | *gʷṓm | *gʷówh₁(e) | *gʷówm̥s |
genitive | *gʷéws | *? | *gʷéwoHom |
ablative | *gʷéws | *? | *gʷéwmos, *gʷéwbʰos |
dative | *gʷéwey | *? | *gʷéwmos, *gʷéwbʰos |
locative | *gʷéw, *gʷéwi | *? | *gʷéwsu |
instrumental | *gʷéwh₁ | *? | *gʷéwmis, *gʷéwbʰis |
Reconstruction notes
[edit]Although this word is widely attested, there is no trace of the e-grade (*gʷéw-) (except perhaps in the oblique Indo-Iranian stem gav-, through the absence of Brugmann's law), which is unexpected. Because of this, and in order to connect it to the stem *gʷeh₃- (“to graze”) (βόσκω (bóskō)), it is reconstructed by some as a proterokinetic u-stem *gʷéh₃-u-s.[3][4]
Alternative reconstruction
[edit]- *gʷéh₃-u-s ~ *gʷh₃-éw-s[5]
Derived terms
[edit]- *gʷow-kʷólh₁-o-s (“cowherd”) (+ *kʷelh₁- (“to make a turn, turn around”))[1]
- Proto-Celtic: *boukolyos (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *gʷoukólos (see there for further descendants)
- *gʷow-io- or *gʷh₃ew-io-
- Armenian:
- Old Armenian: կոգի (kogi, “butter”)
- Armenian:
- *gʷow-wr̥sen- (“male cow, bull”)[6]
- Sanskrit: गोवृष (govṛṣa)
- Proto-Tocharian: *kauwärṣän (see there for further descendants)
Descendants
[edit]- Proto-Albanian: *gau
- Proto-Albanian: *kē (from earlier *kʷē) (an early loanword from a different IE language)
- Albanian: ka (“ox”)
- Proto-Anatolian:
- Luwian:
- Anatolian hieroglyphic script: 𔑺𔗬𔗔 (BOSwa/i-s(a) /wawas/)
- Luwian:
- Armenian:
- Old Armenian: կով (kov)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gaw-, *gōw-
- Proto-Celtic: *bāus (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *kōz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *gʷous (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gā́wš (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *gʷōs (see there for further descendants)
- Thracian: bonassos (possibly)
- Proto-Tocharian: *kew- [7] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Tocharian:
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “gu̯ou-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 482-483
- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 198
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, page 189ff.
- ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “PGm. *kō- ~ *kū- f. ‘cow’”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 74
- ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kauᵤrṣe”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 222-223
- ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “keᵤ”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 201-202
- ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kaiyye”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 214
Further reading
[edit]- Oshiro, Terumasa (1988) “Some Luwian words of Indo-European origin”, in Orient, volume 24, page 50: “(7) ox (482)”