Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/gā́wš

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws

Proto-Indo-Iranian *gā́wš

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cow”).

Noun

*gā́wš m or f

1. cow

Inflection

consonant stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gā́wš	*gā́wāw	*gā́was
vocative	*gáw	*gā́wāw	*gā́was
accusative	*gā́m	*gā́wāw	*gáwas
instrumental	*gáwaH	*gáwbʰyaH, -bʰyām	*gáwbʰiš
ablative	*gáwas	*gáwbʰyaH, -bʰyām	*gáwbʰyaH
dative	*gáway	*gáwbʰyaH, -bʰyām	*gáwbʰyaH
genitive	*gáwas	*gáwawš	*gáwām
locative	*gáwi	*gáwawš	*gáwsu

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gā́wṣ
  • Sanskrit: गो (gó), *गाव (gāva) (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Iranian: *gā́wš (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Nuristani: *gā́wā
  • Northern Nuristani:
    • Kamkata-viri:

      Kamviri: gó

      Kativiri: gó

      • → Prasuni: gúṭu
  • Southern Nuristani:
    • Ashkun: gá
    • Tregami: gá
    • Waigali: ga

References

• Fortson, Benjamin W. (2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, second edition, Oxford: Blackwell, page 203
• Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 205ff