Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kōz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From earlier *kwōz ~ *kwūiz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷéh₃u-s ~ *gʷuh₃-és.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɔːz/

Noun

*kōz f

1. cow

Inflection

consonant stemDeclension of *kōz (consonant stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*kōz	*kōiz
vocative	*kō	*kōiz
accusative	*kōǭ	*kōnz
genitive	*kūiz	*kūǫ̂
dative	*kūī	*kūmaz
instrumental	*kūē	*kūmiz

Alternative reconstructions

• *kūz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *kō
  • Old English: cū
    • Middle English: cou, cow, cowe, cu, kow, kowe, ku
      • English: cow (see there for further descendants)
      • Geordie English: coo
      • Scots: coo, coe, cou
      • Yola: keow
  • Old Frisian: kū
    • North Frisian: ko, kø, kü

      Sylt: Kü

    • Saterland Frisian: Ku
    • West Frisian: ko
  • Old Saxon: kō
    • Middle Low German: kô, ko, koo, kou, koe, koh, koy, ku
      • German Low German: Koh, Kauh, Ko, Koo, Kuh
      • Plautdietsch: Koo
  • Old Dutch: cuo
    • Middle Dutch: coe
      • Dutch: koe (see there for further descendants)
      • Limburgish: ków
      • West Flemish: koe
  • Old High German: kuo
    • Middle High German: kuo, kū, kō, chuo
      • Alemannic German: Chue
        • Alsatian: Küeh
        • Walser: Chua
      • Bavarian: Kuah, Kouh (Northern Bavarian), Kua (spelling variant)
        • Cimbrian: khua
        • Mòcheno: kua
      • Central Franconian: Kuh, Koh
        • Hunsrik: Kuh
        • Luxembourgish: Kou
      • East Franconian: Kou, Kua, Kuu
      • German: Kuh
      • Rhine Franconian:
        • Pennsylvania German: Kuh
      • Vilamovian: kü
      • Yiddish: קו (ku)
• Proto-Norse:
  • Old West Norse: kýr
    • Icelandic: kýr
    • Faroese: kúgv, kú
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: ku
    • Norwegian Bokmål: ku
    • Jamtish: kú
    • Elfdalian: tjyr
  • Old East Norse: *kōʀ
    • Old Swedish: kō
      • Swedish: ko
    • Old Danish: kō
      • Danish: ko

Further reading

• Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[3], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 198
• Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 189, 193