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thin

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Thìn, þin, þín, thiⁿ, and thîn

English

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Etymology

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From Middle English thinne, thünne, thenne, from Old English þynne, from Proto-West Germanic *þunnī, from Proto-Germanic *þunnuz (“thin”) – compare *þanjaną (“to stretch, spread out”) – from Proto-Indo-European *ténh₂us (“thin”), from *ten- (“to stretch”).

Cognate with German dünn, Dutch dun, West Frisian tin, Icelandic þunnur, Danish tynd, Swedish tunn, Latin tenuis, Irish tanaí, Welsh tenau, Latvian tievs, Polish cienki, Russian тонкий (tonkij), Sanskrit तनु (tanú, “thin”), Persian تنگ (tang, “narrow”). Doublet of tenuis. Also related to tenuous.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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thin (comparative thinner, superlative thinnest)

Woman with a thin waist
  1. Having little thickness or extent from one surface to its opposite.
    thin plate of metal;  thin paper;  thin board;  thin covering
    • 1853, Charles MacFarlane, Kismet: or, The doom of Turkey, page 66:
      It was no mystery at all, or a mystery covered only with the thinnest and most transparent veil, that forced abortion is a common practice among Turkish women. The horrible secret as to the means and the drugs to be employed is pretty generally known, and where ignorance prevails there are "wise women," old hags, professional abortists, who go about the country relieving matrons of their burthens for a few piastres apiece […]
    • 1943 November – 1944 February (date written; published 1945 August 17), George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Animal Farm […], London: Secker & Warburg, published May 1962, →OCLC:
      Out of spite, the human beings pretended not to believe that it was Snowball who had destroyed the windmill: they said that it had fallen down because the walls were too thin.
  2. Very narrow in all diameters; having a cross section that is small in all directions.
    thin wire; thin string
    • 2015 July 6, “Assessment of the Impact of Zoledronic Acid on Ovariectomized Osteoporosis Model Using Micro-CT Scanning”, in PLOS ONE‎[1], →DOI:
      Typically, osteoporosis causes the amount of trabecular bone to be reduced and the bone to become thinner, while the intertrabecular space enlarges and the interconnected structure of trabecular bone is disrupted.
  3. Having little body fat or flesh; slim; slender; lean; gaunt.
    thin person
  4. Of low viscosity or low specific gravity.
    Water is thinner than honey.
  5. Scarce; not close, crowded, or numerous; not filling the space.
    The trees of a forest are thin; the corn or grass is thin.
    • 1705, J[oseph] Addison, Remarks on Several Parts of Italy, &c. in the Years 1701, 1702, 1703, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:
      Ferrara is very large, but extremely thin of people.
  6. (golf) Describing a poorly played golf shot where the ball is struck by the bottom part of the club head. See fat, shank, toe.
  7. Lacking body or volume; small; feeble; not full.
    a thin, tight-lipped smile
    • 1690, [John] Dryden, Don Sebastian, King of Portugal: […], London: […] Jo. Hindmarsh, […], →OCLC, (please specify the page number):
      thin, hollow sounds, and lamentable screams
  8. Slight; small; slender; flimsy; superficial; inadequate; not sufficient for a covering.
    a thin disguise
  9. (aviation) Of a route: relatively little used.
    • 2016, Hartmut Wolf, Peter Forsyth, David Gillen, Liberalization in Aviation, page 105:
      In short, we previously found that thin routes benefit from an increase in competition in the Spanish airline market when considering routes that were monopoly routes in 2001.
  10. Poor; scanty; without money or success.
    • 1945, Jack Henry, What Price Crime?, page 92:
      Like their friends the "draggers," the "hoisters" or shoplifters are having a thin time these days, […]

Synonyms

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Antonyms

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Derived terms

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Translations

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having little body fat or flesh; slim; slender; lean; gaunt
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked‌: "slim, narrow in size"

Noun

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thin (plural thins)

  1. (philately) A loss or tearing of paper from the back of a stamp, although not sufficient to create a complete hole.
  2. Any food produced or served in thin slices.
    chocolate mint thins
    potato thins
    wheat thins

Translations

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Verb

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thin (third-person singular simple present thins, present participle thinning, simple past and past participle thinned)

  1. (transitive) To make thin or thinner.
    • 1941, Theodore Roethke, “Feud”, in Open House; republished in The Collected Poems of Theodore Roethke, 1975, →ISBN, page 4:
      Exhausted fathers thinned the blood,
      You curse the legacy of pain;
      Darling of an infected brood,
      You feel disaster climb the vein.
  2. (intransitive) To become thin or thinner.
    The crowds thinned after the procession had passed: there was nothing more to see.
  3. To dilute.
  4. To remove some plants or parts of plants in order to improve the growth of what remains.
    • 2015 September 5, Mark Diacono, “In praise of the Asian pear”, in The Daily Telegraph (Gardening)‎[2], archived from the original on 12 September 2015, page 3:
      So floriferous are Asian pears, and the tree so laden with young fruit, that as the tree approaches maturity it is worth considering thinning the fruit (I can't quite bring myself to thin the flowers) so as to neither overburden the tree for this year nor tire it for the next. Thinning early in the season, while the fruit is small, is ideal.

Derived terms

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Translations

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Adverb

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thin (comparative more thin, superlative most thin)

  1. Not thickly or closely; in a scattered state.
    seed sown thin
    • a. 1627 (date written), Francis [Bacon], “Considerations Touching a VVarre vvith Spaine. […]”, in William Rawley, editor, Certaine Miscellany VVorks of the Right Honourable Francis Lo. Verulam, Viscount S. Alban. […], London: […] I. Hauiland for Humphrey Robinson, […], published 1629, →OCLC:
      Spain is a nation thin sown of people.

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Middle English

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Etymology 1

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Determiner

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thin (subjective pronoun þou)

  1. Alternative form of þin (“thy”)

Pronoun

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thin (subjective þou)

  1. Alternative form of þin (“thine”)

Etymology 2

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Adjective

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thin

  1. Alternative form of thinne (“thin”)

Old Dutch

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *þīn.

Determiner

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thīn

  1. thy, your (singular)
  2. thine, yours

Inflection

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Declension of thin — Strong only
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative thīn thīn thīn
Accusative thīnin thīna thīn
Genitive thīnis thīnro thīnis
Dative thīnin thīnro thīnin
Instrumental thīnin thīnro thīnin
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative thīna thīna thīna
Accusative thīna thīna thīna
Genitive thīnro thīnro thīnro
Dative thīnon thīnon thīnon
Instrumental thīn- thīn- thīn-

Descendants

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  • Middle Dutch: dijn
    • Dutch: dijn
    • Limburgish: dien

Further reading

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  • “thīn”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old High German

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Pronunciation

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Determiner

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thīn

  1. Alternative form of din

References

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  1. Joseph Wright, An Old High German Primer, Second Edition

Old Saxon

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-West Germanic *þīn.

Pronunciation

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Determiner

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thīn

  1. thy, your (singular)
  2. thine, yours
Declension
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Declension of thīn (strong only)
gender masculine neuter feminine
case singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative thīn thīna, thīne thīn thīn thīn thīn, thīne, thīna
accusative thīnne, thīnan, thīnen, thīnon, thīnna thīna, thīne thīn thīne, thīna thīna, thīne thīna
genitive thīnes, thīnumu thīnaro, thīnero thīnes thīnaro, thīnero, thīnoro thīnaro, thīnera, thīnoro, thīnaro, thīnere thīnaro, thīnero, thīnoro
dative thīnum, thīnun, thīnon, thīnumu, thīnū, thīnemo thīnun, thīnon, thīna thīnum, thīnun, thīnon, thīnumu, thīnemo thīnun, thīnon thīnero, thīnaro, thīnera, thīnoro, thīnaru, thīneru, thīnera thīnun, thīnon, thīnum


See also

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Old Saxon personal pronouns
Personal pronouns
Singular 1. 2. 3. m 3. f 3. n
Nominative ik thū hē siu it
Accusative mī, me, mik thī, thik ina sia
Dative mī thī imu iru it
Genitive mīn thīn is ira is
Dual 1. 2. - - -
Nominative wit git - - -
Accusative unk ink - - -
Dative
Genitive unkero, unka

inker, inka

- - -
Plural 1. 2. 3. m 3. f 3. n
Nominative wī, we gī, ge sia sia siu
Accusative ūs, unsik eu, iu, iuu
Dative ūs im
Genitive ūser euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera iro

References

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  1. Altsächsisches Elementarbuch by Dr. F. Holthausen

Etymology 2

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See here.

Determiner

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thin

  1. instrumental singular masculine/neuter of thē

Welsh

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Noun

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thin

  1. Aspirate mutation of tin.

Mutation

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Mutated forms of tin
radical soft nasal aspirate
tin din nhin thin

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

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