Jump to content

細

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 细
細 U+7D30, 細
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D30
← 累
[U+7D2F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 紱 →
[U+7D31]

Translingual

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

細 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 女火田 (VFW), four-corner 26900, composition ⿰糹田)

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 919, character 36
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27344
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1351, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3380, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+7D30

Chinese

[edit]
trad. 細
simp. 细
alternative forms 𥿳
⼩ ("small") Hokkien

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 細
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (囟) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
崽 *ʔslɯːʔ, *srɯː, *srɯː
偲 *sn̥ʰɯː, *snɯ
腮 *snɯː
鰓 *snɯː
揌 *snɯː
顋 *snɯː
愢 *snɯː
毢 *snɯː
諰 *srɯː, *snɯʔ
細 *snɯːls
思 *snɯ, *snɯs
緦 *snɯ
罳 *snɯ
禗 *snɯ
楒 *snɯ
葸 *snɯʔ
恖 *snɯ
颸 *sʰrɯ
囟 *snɯns
顖 *sniŋs
毸 *snɯː

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *snɯːls) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 囟 (OC *snɯns). The right component is etymologically unrelated to 田 in which it was corrupted to after the Han dynasty.

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *z(j)əj (“little; small; tiny”) (STEDT); cognate with Jingpho zi (“small”), Tibetan ཟི (zi, “small”), Burmese သေး (se:, “small”).

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou:
    • sòe - vernacular;
    • sè - literary.
Rime
Character 細
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 蘇計切
Baxter sejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/seiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/seiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/sɛiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/sɛjH/
Li
Rong 		/seiH/
Wang
Li 		/sieiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/sieiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sai3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 細
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sejH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[s]ˁe(k)-s/
English small, minute

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 細
Reading # 1/1
No. 13834
Phonetic
component 		囟
Rime
group 		微
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		細
Old
Chinese 		/*snɯːls/

Definitions

[edit]

細

  1. (literary or Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Min) small; tiny; little
    Antonym: 大
    點解會咁細嘅？ [Cantonese, trad.]
    点解会咁细嘅？ [Cantonese, simp.]
    dim2 gaai2 wui5 gam3 sai3 ge2? [Jyutping]
    Why is it so small?
  2. thin; slender
    Antonym: 粗 (cū)
    細線／细线  ―  xì xiàn  ―  thin string
  3. fine; delicate; exquisite
    Antonym: 粗 (cū)
    細沙／细沙  ―  xì shā  ―  fine sand
  4. careful; detailed; meticulous
  5. slowly; carefully; thoroughly; detailedly
    細看／细看  ―  xìkàn  ―  to carefully examine
  6. trifling; trivial; unimportant
  7. (of one's voice) soft
  8. frugal; sparing
  9. (literary or Cantonese, Hakka, Min) young; little
    Antonym: 大
    你仲細咩！／你仲细咩！ [Cantonese]  ―  nei5 zung6 sai3 me1! [Jyutping]  ―  [Do you think that] you're still a child?
  10. (Cantonese) to be younger than
    Antonym: 大
    細佢幾十年／细佢几十年 [Cantonese]  ―  sai3 keoi5 gei2 sap6 nin4 [Jyutping]  ―  younger than them by a couple decades
  11. (Hokkien) concubine

Synonyms

[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 小 (“small”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 小
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 小
Taiwan 小
Harbin 小
Malaysia 小
Singapore 小
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 小
Jinan 小
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 小
Xi'an 小, 碎
Xining 小, 尕
Xuzhou 小
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 小
Ürümqi 小, 尕
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 小
Wuhan 小
Guiyang 小
Guilin 小
Liuzhou 小
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 小
Yangzhou 小
Hefei 小
Cantonese Guangzhou 細
Hong Kong 細
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 細
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 細
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 細
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 細
Macau 細
Guangzhou (Panyu) 細
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 細
Guangzhou (Conghua) 細
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 細
Foshan 細
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 細
Foshan (Shunde) 細
Foshan (Sanshui) 細
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 細
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 細
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 細
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 細
Zhuhai (Doumen) 細
Jiangmen (Baisha) 細
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 細
Taishan 細
Kaiping (Chikan) 細
Enping (Niujiang) 細
Heshan (Yayao) 細
Dongguan 細
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 細
Qingyuan 細
Fogang 細
Yingde (Hanguang) 細
Yangshan 細
Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) 細
Shaoguan 細
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 細
Renhua 細
Lechang 細
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 細
Sihui 細
Guangning 細
Deqing 細
Huaiji 細
Yunfu 細
Xinxing 細
Luoding 細
Yunan (Pingtai) 細
Yangjiang 細
Xinyi 細
Maoming (Xinpo) 細
Lianjiang 細
Nanning 細
Wuzhou 細, 𱒃
Yulin 𱒃
Hepu (Lianzhou) 𱒃
Hepu (Shatian) 𱒃
Guiping 細, 小
Guiping (Mule) 𱒃
Pingnan 細
Mengshan (Xihe) 細
Guigang (Gangcheng) 細
Guigang (Nanjiang) 細
Guigang (Pingdong) 細
Beiliu (Tangliao) 細
Baise 細
Bobai 細
Lingshan 細
Pubei 細
Qinzhou 細
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 𱒃
Beihai 細
Beihai (Nankang) 細
Beihai (Yingpan) 𱒃
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 細
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 細, 小
Ningming 細
Hengzhou 細
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 細
Danzhou 細
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 細
Singapore (Guangfu) 細
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 細
Móng Cái 細
Gan Nanchang 細, 小
Lichuan 細, 小
Pingxiang 細, 小
Hakka Meixian 細, 小
Xingning 細
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 細
Huiyang 細
Huidong (Daling) 細
Dongguan (Qingxi) 細
Boluo (Bendihua) 細
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 細
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 小
Heyuan (Bendihua) 細
Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) 細
Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) 細
Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) 細
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 細
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 細
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 細
Jiexi 細
Changting 細
Wuping 細
Wuping (Pingyu) 細
Liancheng 細
Ninghua 小
Yudu 細
Ruijin 細
Shicheng 細
Shangyou (Shexi) 細
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 細
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 細
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 細
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 細
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 細
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 細
Hong Kong 細
Beiliu (Tang'an) 小
Mashan (Pianlian) 細
Senai (Huiyang) 細
Huizhou Jixi 小
Jin Taiyuan 小
Northern Min Jian'ou 小
Eastern Min Fuzhou 嫩, 細
Fuzhou (Changle) 嫩
Fuqing 嫩
Yongtai 嫩
Gutian 嫩
Fu'an 嫩
Ningde 嫩
Shouning 嫩
Zhouning 細
Fuding 嫩, 細
Matsu 嫩
Southern Min Xiamen 細
Xiamen (Tong'an) 細
Quanzhou 細
Jinjiang 細
Nan'an 細
Hui'an 細
Anxi 細
Yongchun 細
Dehua 細
Zhangzhou 細
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 細
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 細
Hua'an 細
Nanjing 細
Pinghe 細
Zhangpu 細
Yunxiao 細
Zhao'an 細
Dongshan 細
Taipei 小, 細
New Taipei (Sanxia) 小, 細
Kaohsiung 小, 細
Yilan 小, 細
Changhua (Lukang) 小, 細
Taichung 小, 細
Tainan 小, 細
Hsinchu 小, 細
Kinmen 小
Penghu (Magong) 小
Penang (Hokkien) 細
Singapore (Hokkien) 細
Manila (Hokkien) 細
Zhangping (Yongfu) 細
Pingnan (Shangdu) 小
Chaozhou 細
Shantou 細
Shantou (Chenghai) 細
Shantou (Chaoyang) 細
Jieyang 細
Haifeng 細
Bangkok (Teochew) 細
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 細
Singapore (Teochew) 細
Batam (Teochew) 細
Pontianak (Teochew) 細
Leizhou 細
Wenchang 細, 孧
Haikou 細, 孧
Qionghai 孧
Singapore (Hainanese) 孧, 細
Puxian Min Putian 細
Xianyou 細
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 細
Nanning (Shajing) 細
Binyang (Xinqiao) 細
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Chaoyang) 細
Guilin (Zhuyuan) 細
Lingchuan (Tanxia) 細
Wu Shanghai 小
Shanghai (Chongming) 小
Suzhou 小
Danyang 小
Hangzhou 小
Ningbo 小
Wenzhou 小, 瑣
Lishui 細
Jinyun 巧
Jinhua 小
Xiang Changsha 細, 小
Loudi 小
Shuangfeng 細
Quanzhou 小
Guanyang (Wenshi) 小
Dialectal synonyms of 細 (“thin; fine; slender”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 細
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 細
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 細
Taiwan 細
Singapore 細
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 細
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 細
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 細
Wuhan 細
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 細
Hefei 細
Cantonese Guangzhou 幼
Hong Kong 幼
Yangjiang 細, 嫩
Singapore (Guangfu) 幼
Gan Nanchang 細
Hakka Meixian 幼, 細
Jin Taiyuan 細
Northern Min Jian'ou 細
Eastern Min Fuzhou 杪, 幼
Southern Min Xiamen 幼
Tainan 幼
Penang (Hokkien) 幼
Singapore (Hokkien) 幼
Chaozhou 幼, 細
Wenchang 幼
Haikou 幼
Wu Suzhou 細
Wenzhou 細
Xiang Changsha 細
Shuangfeng 細

Antonyms

[edit]
  • (antonym(s) of “small”): 大 (dà, “large”)
  • (antonym(s) of “young”): 大 (dà, “grown up”)
  • (antonym(s) of “fine”): 粗 (cū, “coarse”)

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • “細”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “细”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 254.

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
細

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. thin, fine
  2. slender

Readings

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]

Korean

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

細 (eumhun 가늘 세 (ganeul se))

  1. hanja form? of 세 (“thin”)

Vietnamese

[edit]

Chữ Hán

[edit]

細: Hán Việt readings: tế

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=細&oldid=82529688"