司馬

See also: 司马

Chinese

		company; control	horse; surname
trad. (司馬)		司	馬
simp. (司马)		司	马

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): sīmǎ

  (Zhuyin): ㄙ ㄇㄚˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): si¹ maa⁵
• Jin (Wiktionary): si¹ ma²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): su-má / sir-má

  (Teochew, Peng'im): se¹ bhê²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sīmǎ
    • Zhuyin: ㄙ ㄇㄚˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sihmǎ
    • Wade–Giles: ssŭ¹-ma³
    • Yale: sz̄-mǎ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: symaa
    • Palladius: сыма (syma)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: si¹ maa⁵
    • Yale: sī máh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: si¹ maa⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: xi¹ ma⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siː⁵⁵ maː¹³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: si¹ ma²
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /sz̩¹¹ ma⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: su-má
    • Tâi-lô: su-má
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sumar
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /su⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /su⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /su⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sir-má
    • Tâi-lô: sir-má
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ³³ mã⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: se¹ bhê²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sṳ bé
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɯ³³⁻²³ be⁵²/

---

• Middle Chinese: si maeX

Rime
Character	司	馬
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	II
Fanqie	息兹切	莫下切
Baxter	si	maeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɨ/	/mˠaX/
Pan Wuyun	/sɨ/	/mᵚaX/
Shao Rongfen	/sie/	/maX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sɨ/	/maɨX/
Li Rong	/siə/	/maX/
Wang Li	/sĭə/	/maX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/si/	/maX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sī	mǎ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	si1	maa5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-lə  mˤraʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*slɯ  mraːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	司	馬
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sī	mǎ
Middle Chinese	‹ si ›	‹ mæX ›
Old Chinese	/*s-lə/	/*mˁraʔ/
English	superintend	horse
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	司	馬
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	11951	8715
Phonetic component	司	馬
Rime group	之	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	思	馬
Old Chinese	/*slɯ/	/*mraːʔ/

Noun

司馬

1. (archaic) Grand Marshal (an important official post during the Han Dynasty)
2. (archaic) Major (a low-level position within a commandery; the person in this position handled military affairs within the commandery)

Synonyms

• 典午 (diǎnwǔ)

Derived terms

• 司馬昭之心 / 司马昭之心 (Sīmǎ Zhāo zhī xīn)
• 司馬晉 / 司马晋 (Sīmǎ Jìn)
• 司馬法 / 司马法
• 司馬門 / 司马门
• 司馬青衫 / 司马青衫
• 大司馬 / 大司马 (dàsīmǎ)
• 文君司馬 / 文君司马
• 江州司馬 / 江州司马
• 江州司馬 / 江州司马

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (司馬):

• → Japanese: 司馬(しば) (shiba)
• → Korean: 사마(司馬) (sama)

(Others)

• → Tocharian B: simā

Proper noun

司馬

1. a surname: Sima

   司馬遷／司马迁  ―  Sīmǎ Qiān  ―  Sima Qian (author of the Records of the Grand Historian)

   司馬懿／司马懿  ―  Sīmǎ Yì  ―  Sima Yi (politician during the Three Kingdoms period)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (司馬):

• → Japanese: 司馬(しば) (Shiba)
• → Korean: 사마(司馬) (Sama)
• → Vietnamese: Tư Mã (司馬)

Others:

• → Bouyei: Siymaj
• → English: Sima, Szema
• → Zhuang: Swhmaj

Adjective

司馬

1. (Mandarin, Internet slang, vulgar) Alternative form of 死媽 / 死妈 (sǐmā) (see 你媽死了／你妈死了 for details)

References

• Government of the Han Dynasty on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Sima (surname) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Japanese

Kanji in this term
司	馬
し Grade: 4	ば Grade: 2
kan'on

Etymology

Literary Chinese 司馬 (sīmǎ)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) しば [shíꜜbà] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɕiba̠]

Noun

司(し)馬(ば) • (shiba) 

1. (historical, government, religion, military) a position in feudal China, responsible for certain bureaucratic, religious and military affairs

   Holonym: 三公

   Coordinate terms: 司空, 司徒

2. (historical, government) Synonym of 掾 (jō, “third-in-command of a 国司 (kokushi, “governorship”)”) (唐名 (karana, “Chinese designation”))

Proper noun

司(し)馬(ば) • (Shiba) 

1. a surname from Chinese

   司(し)馬(ば)遷(せん)

   Shiba Sen

   Sima Qian

   司(し)馬(ば)懿(い)

   Shiba I

   Sima Yi

   司(し)馬(ば)江(こう)漢(かん)

   Shiba Kōkan

   (please add an English translation of this example)

   司(し)馬(ば)凌(りょう)海(かい)

   Shiba Ryōkai

   (please add an English translation of this example)

Korean

Hanja in this term
司	馬

Proper noun

司馬 • (Sama) (hangeul 사마)

1. hanja form^? of 사마