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修

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 脩
修 U+4FEE, 修
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FEE
← 俭
[U+4FED] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 俯 →
[U+4FEF]

Translingual

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Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character

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修 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+7 in Chinese, 人+8 in Japanese, 9 strokes in Chinese, 10 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 人中人竹 (OLOH), four-corner 28222, composition ⿲亻丨⿱夂彡(G) or ⿲亻丨㣊(HTJKV))

Usage notes

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  • Note that in Korean, Japanese and Traditional Chinese scripts, this character is written with ten strokes (as seen in the Kangxi Dictionary) rather than nine as in Simplified. The difference is in the component 攵 vs. 夂.

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 106, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 721
  • Dae Jaweon: page 225, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 159, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+4FEE

Chinese

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trad. 修
simp. # 修
2nd round simp. 㣊
alternative forms 俢
脩

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 修
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
s06485
Transcribed ancient scripts
L33637
L33638
L33639
L33640
L33641
L11965
L11966
L11967
L11968
L11969
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (攸) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
絛 *l̥ʰɯːw
窱 *ʔl'ɯːwʔ, *l̥ʰɯːws
蓧 *l̥ʰɯːw, *l'ɯːwɢ
條 *l'ɯːw
鋚 *l'ɯːw
鞗 *l'ɯːw
樤 *l'ɯːw
鰷 *l'ɯːw
莜 *l'ɯːws
翛 *slɯːw, *hljɯwɢ
筱 *slɯːwʔ
篠 *slɯːwʔ
修 *slɯw
脩 *slɯw
樇 *slɯw
滫 *slɯwʔ
悠 *lɯw
攸 *lɯw
浟 *lɯw
蓨 *l̥ʰɯːwɢ
滌 *l'ɯːwɢ
儵 *hljɯwɢ
倐 *hljɯwɢ
倏 *hljɯwɢ
虪 *hljɯwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *slɯw) : phonetic 攸 (OC *lɯw) + semantic 彡.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 修
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息流切
Baxter sjuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/sɨu/
Pan
Wuyun 		/siu/
Shao
Rongfen 		/siəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/suw/
Li
Rong 		/siu/
Wang
Li 		/sĭəu/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/si̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xiū
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sau1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 修
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xiū
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sjuw ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s-liw/
English adorn

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 修
Reading # 1/1
No. 15475
Phonetic
component 		攸
Rime
group 		幽
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		脩
Old
Chinese 		/*slɯw/

Definitions

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修

  1. to decorate; to embellish
  2. to repair; to mend
  3. to build; to construct
    修鐵路／修铁路  ―  xiū tiělù  ―  to build a railway
  4. to revise; to write; to compile
  5. (education) to study; to cultivate; to take a course
  6. (obsolete) tall; slim; long
  7. Short for 修正主義／修正主义 (xiūzhèng zhǔyì). revisionism
  8. a surname

Synonyms

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  • (to build):
Dialectal synonyms of 蓋 (“to build; to construct (a building)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 蓋, 建, 建造, 建築, 興建, 修建
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 蓋
Taiwan 蓋
Harbin 蓋
Singapore 建
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 蓋
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 蓋
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 蓋
Xi'an 蓋
Xining 蓋
Xuzhou 起
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 蓋
Lanzhou 蓋
Ürümqi 蓋, 起
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 修, 起
Guiyang 起, 修
Liuzhou 起
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 蓋, 造
Yangzhou 蓋
Cantonese Guangzhou 起
Hong Kong 起
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 起
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 起
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 起
Taishan 起
Dongguan 起
Rongxian 起
Hepu (Lianzhou) 起
Hepu (Shatian) 做
Guiping 起
Guiping (Mule) 起, 整
Pingnan 起
Guigang (Gangcheng) 起
Guigang (Pingdong) 起
Beihai 起
Beihai (Nankang) 起
Beihai (Yingpan) 起
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 起, 做
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 起
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 做
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 起, 搭
Singapore (Guangfu) 起
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 起
Móng Cái 起
Bangkok (Guangfu) 起
Betong (Rongxian) 起
Gan Nanchang 起
Lichuan 做
Pingxiang 起
Hakka Meixian 起, 做
Yudu 做
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 起
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 起
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 起
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 起
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 起
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 起
Hong Kong 起
Senai (Huiyang) 起
Huizhou Jixi 起
Jin Taiyuan 蓋
Xinzhou 蓋
Northern Min Jian'ou 開
Eastern Min Fuzhou 起
Matsu 起
Southern Min Xiamen 起
Quanzhou 起
Zhangzhou 起
Tainan 起
Singapore (Hokkien) 起
Chaozhou 起
Shantou 起
Jieyang 起
Bangkok (Teochew) 起
Chiang Mai (Teochew) 起
Hat Yai (Teochew) 起
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 起
Singapore (Teochew) 起
Leizhou 作
Haikou 作
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 起
Wu Shanghai 造
Shanghai (Chongming) 造, 起
Suzhou 造
Danyang 砌
Hangzhou 造
Ningbo 起
Jinhua 起
Xiang Changsha 起
Loudi 起
  • (to repair):

Compounds

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References

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  • “修”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “修”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 266.

Japanese

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Kanji

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修

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. discipline
  2. conduct oneself well
  3. study
  4. master

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Proper noun

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修(おさむ) • (Osamu) 

  1. a male given name

Korean

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Hanja

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修 (eumhun 닦을 수 (dakkeul su))

  1. hanja form? of 수 (“discipline”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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修: Hán Việt readings: tu
修: Nôm readings: tu

Verb

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修

chữ Hán form of tu (“(intransitive) to isolate oneself from other people to follow rules in a philosophy or religion”).

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