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岳

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 嶽
岳 U+5CB3, 岳
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5CB3
← 岲
[U+5CB2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 岴 →
[U+5CB4]

Translingual

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Han character

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岳 (Kangxi radical 46, 山+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人一山 (OMU), four-corner 72772, composition ⿱丘山)

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Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 309, character 31
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8001
  • Dae Jaweon: page 609, character 25
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 767, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+5CB3

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 岳
alternative forms 𡵹
𡶓
𡷒
𡶳
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 岳
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (岳) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
岳 *ŋroːɡ
捳 *ŋroːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 丘 (“hill”) + 山 (“mountain”).

Etymology 1

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Unclear. Compare Proto-North Bahnaric *ŋŏk ("mountain") (> Halang ngŏk and Sedang ŋɔ). Note also Proto-Hlai *hŋwʔo³ (“mountain”) and perhaps also Burmese ငေါ (ngau:), [script needed] (ŋok-ŋak, “project, stick up or out”), [script needed] (ŋroŋʼ, “any sharp thing sticking out; sharp stump or thorn”), and Tibetan རྔོག (rngog, “hump”) (Schuessler, 2007).

STEDT instead derives it from provisional Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kak (“expensive, at its peak”) and considers it cognate to 極 (OC *N‑kək; N‑k(r)ək, “ridge of house; the highest point; extreme limit, utmost”), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *kak (“expensive, intense, at its peak”) (> Lisu [script needed] (phy²¹ kha³⁵, “expensive”)), Ersu phɛ⁵⁵ khuɑ⁵⁵ (“expensive”), and Galo `kog dɨr (“peak”).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • 8ngoq - colloquial;
  • 8yoq, 8yuq - literary.
    Rime
    Character 岳
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
    Final (韻) 覺 (10)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 五角切
    Baxter ngaewk
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ŋˠʌk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ŋᵚɔk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ŋɔk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ŋaɨwk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/ŋɔk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/ŋɔk̚/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/ŋɔk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yuè
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		ngok6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 岳
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		yuè
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ngæwk ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[ŋ]ˁrok/
    English mountain, peak

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 岳
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 16339
    Phonetic
    component         		岳
    Rime
    group         		屋
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		嶽
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ŋroːɡ/
    Notes 同嶽

    Definitions

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    岳

    1. (alt. form 嶽) tall mountain
    2. (historical) name of a mountain
      1. in Shang oracle texts, generally interpreted as 嵩山 (Sōng Shān, “Mount Song”) personified as a nature power[1]
        • 壬子卜：又于岳。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
          From: Oracle Bone Inscription CZN 147 (1), from collection 殷墟小屯村中村南甲骨 ("Oracle bones from the center and south of Xiaotun village in the Wastes of Yin"). Transliterated and translated in Anderson (2015)
          Rénzǐ bǔ: yòu yú Yuè. [Pinyin]
          Crack-making on rénzǐ (day 49): Make an offering to Yuè.
      2. Mount Taiyue 太岳山, a.k.a. Mount Huo (霍山) southwest of Taiyuan, Shanxi[2][3]
    3. parent-in-law
    4. a surname
      岳飛／岳飞  ―  Yuè Fēi  ―  Yue Fei (Song Dynasty general)

    Compounds

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    Etymology 2

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    For pronunciation and definitions of 岳 – see 嶽 (“tall mountain; highest peak”).
    (This character is the simplified and variant form of 嶽).
    Notes:

    Etymology 3

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    For pronunciation and definitions of 岳 – see 𩓥 (“to raise one's head”).
    (This character is a variant form of 𩓥).

    References

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    1. ^ Eno, Robert (2009) “Shang state religion and the pantheon of the oracle texts”, in Lagerway, J. & Kalinowski M., editors, Early Chinese Religion, Part One: Shang through Han (1250 BC-220 AD), page 62
    2. ^ 孔安國 (Kong Anguo), quoted in 裴駰 (Pei Yin), 《史记集解》 (Records of the Grand Historian, "Collected Explanations"); quote: (孔安國曰：「太原今為郡名。太嶽在太原西南。山南曰陽。」)
    3. ^ 司馬貞 (Sima Zhen), 《史記索隱》 (Records of the Grand Historian, "Seeking the Obscure"); quote: (嶽，太嶽，卽冀州之鎭霍太山也。)

    Japanese

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    Shinjitai

    		岳

    Kyūjitai

    		嶽

    Kanji

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    岳

    (Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 嶽)

    1. mountain peak
    2. tall mountain

    Readings

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    • Go-on: がく (gaku, Jōyō)
    • Kan-on: がく (gaku, Jōyō)
    • Kun: たけ (take, 岳, Jōyō)
    • Nanori: たける (takeru)

    Alternative forms

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    Etymology 1

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    Kanji in this term
    岳
    たけ
    Grade: S
    kun'yomi
    Alternative spelling
    嶽 (kyūjitai)

    Directly cognate with 丈 (take, “height”). Indirectly cognate with 高 (taka, “height”), 高い (takai, “high”), and 長ける (takeru, “to be high”).

    Noun

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    岳(たけ) or 岳(だけ) • (take or dake) 

    1. a tall mountain
    2. a mountain peak
      • 1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 612:
        Taqe. (タケ) (嶽・岳) 山脈や山の高い所, あるいは, 頂. これの本来の語はDaqe (だけ)である.
        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

    Suffix

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    岳(たけ) or 岳(だけ) • (-take or -dake) 

    1. mount, mountain
      乗(のり)鞍(くら)岳(だけ) ― Norikura-dake ― Mount Norikura

    Etymology 2

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    Proper noun

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    岳(たけし) • (Takeshi) 

    1. a male given name

    Etymology 3

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    Proper noun

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    岳(たける) • (Takeru) 

    1. a male given name

    Etymology 4

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    Kanji in this term
    岳
    がく
    Grade: S
    on'yomi
    Alternative spelling
    嶽 (kyūjitai)

    Proper noun

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    岳(がく) • (Gaku) 

    1. a male given name

    References

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    Korean

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    Hanja

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    岳 • (ak) (hangeul 악, revised ak, McCune–Reischauer ak)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    岳: Hán Nôm readings: nhạc

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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