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高

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 髙
高 U+9AD8, 高
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9AD8
← 髗
[U+9AD7] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 髙 →
[U+9AD9]
⾼ U+2FBC, ⾼
KANGXI RADICAL TALL
← ⾻
[U+2FBB] 		Kangxi Radicals ⾽ →
[U+2FBD]

Translingual

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Stroke order
10 strokes
Stroke order

Alternative forms

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Han character

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See images of
Radical 189 高

高 (Kangxi radical 189, 高+0, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜口月口 (YRBR), four-corner 00227, composition ⿳亠口冋)

  1. Kangxi radical #189, ⾼.

Derived characters

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See also

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1451, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45313
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1979, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4593, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9AD8

Chinese

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Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 高 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 高 (Cantonese)

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (高) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
高 *kaːw
膏 *kaːw, *kaːws
篙 *kaːw
稿 *kaːwʔ
稾 *kaːwʔ, *kʰaːws
槁 *kaːwʔ, *kʰaːwʔ
縞 *kaːwʔ, *kaːws
暠 *kaːwʔ
槀 *kaːwʔ
藁 *kaːwʔ
燺 *kʰaːwʔ
薧 *kʰaːwʔ, *kʰaːws, *qʰaːw
犒 *kʰaːws
蒿 *qʰaːw
藃 *qʰaːws, *qʰraːw, *qʰraw
豪 *ɡaːw
毫 *ɡaːw
壕 *ɡaːw
濠 *ɡaːw
鎬 *ɡaːwʔ
滈 *ɡaːwʔ, *qʰraːwɢ
鄗 *ɡaːwʔ, *kʰraːw, *qʰaːwɢ
鰝 *ɡaːwʔ, *qʰaːwɢ
薃 *ɡaːwʔ
搞 *kruːʔ
敲 *kʰraːw, *kʰraːws
髇 *qʰraːw
嗃 *qʰraːw, *qʰraːws, *qʰaːwɢ
巐 *kʰl'awʔ
歊 *qʰraw, *qʰoːwɢ
謞 *qʰaːwɢ, *qʰraːwɢ
熇 *qʰaːwɢ, *qʰoːwɢ, *qʰoːɡ
碻 *kʰraːwɢ
塙 *kʰraːwɢ
毃 *kʰraːwɢ
翯 *qʰraːwɢ, *ɡraːwɢ, *ɡoːwɢ
瀥 *qʰraːwɢ

Pictogram (象形) – a tall building. Compare 京, which however is not a Kangxi radical.

Etymology 1

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simp. and trad.
 高
2nd round simp. ⿳㇔乛龴
alternative forms 髙
皋 “tall”

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-gaw (“head”). Compare with Burmese ခေါင်း (hkaung:, “head”). However, 元 (OC *ŋon, “head”) instead is more likely to be related to this Proto-Sino-Tibetan root given its significant semantic agreement (Schuessler, 2007).

Likely allofams are 喬 (OC *ɡrew, “tall”), and perhaps 浩 (OC *ɡuːʔ, “vast”) (although the vowels do not agree).

Pronunciation

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Note: gau2 - in 上高 (siang5 gau2).
Note:
  • go1- vernacular (incl. surname of people in Xianyou and most poeple in Putian);
  • gor1 - literary (incl. surname of minority people in Putian).
Note:
  • kau - vernacular;
  • ko/ko͘ - literary (including surname).
Note: go1 - surname.
Rime
Character 高
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 豪 (89)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古勞切
Baxter kaw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɑu/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kɑu/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kɑu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kaw/
Li
Rong 		/kɑu/
Wang
Li 		/kɑu/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kɑu/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		gāo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gou1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 高
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gāo
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kaw ›
Old
Chinese 		/*Cə.[k]ˁaw/
English high, tall

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 高
Reading # 1/1
No. 3726
Phonetic
component 		高
Rime
group 		宵
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		髙
Old
Chinese 		/*kaːw/

Definitions

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高

  1. tall; high
    高原  ―  gāoyuán  ―  plateau
    這座山特別高。／这座山特别高。  ―  Zhè zuò shān tèbié gāo.  ―  This mountain is especially tall.
    生得高嘅女仔 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    saang1 dak1 gou1 ge3 neoi5 zai2 [Jyutping]
    a tall girl
    唔好擺得咁高啦。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    唔好摆得咁高啦。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    m4 hou2 baai2 dak1 gam3 gou1 laa1. [Jyutping]
    Don't put it so high.
  2. of high level; above average
    很高的價格／很高的价格  ―  hěn gāo de jiàgé  ―  high price
    高糖量  ―  gāo tángliàng  ―  high sugar content
    很高的標準／很高的标准  ―  hěn gāo de biāozhǔn  ―  very high standard
    高年級／高年级  ―  gāo niánjí  ―  higher/senior grades
    我比他高一班。  ―  Wǒ bǐ tā gāo yī bān.  ―  I am one year above him.
  3. high place
    居高臨下／居高临下  ―  jūgāolínxià  ―  to occupy a high position and look down
  4. loud
    高歌  ―  gāogē  ―  to sing loudly
  5. (geometry) altitude
    求梯形的高  ―  qiú tīxíng de gāo  ―  find the altitude of the trapezium
  6. (honorific) your
  7. (chemistry) per-
    高錳酸鉀／高锰酸钾  ―  gāoměngsuānjiǎ  ―  potassium permanganate
  8. a surname, Gao (surname)
    高適／高适  ―  Gāo Shì  ―  Gao Shi (Tang dynasty poet)
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 高 (“tall; high”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 高
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 高
Taiwan 高
Malaysia 高
Singapore 高
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 高
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 高
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 高
Wuhan 高, 長 †
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 高
Hefei 高
Cantonese Guangzhou 高
Hong Kong 高
Taishan 高
Yangjiang 高
Singapore (Guangfu) 高
Gan Nanchang 高, 猛 †
Hakka Meixian 高
Changting 高
Wuping 高
Liancheng 高
Ninghua 高
Jin Taiyuan 高
Northern Min Jian'ou 高
Eastern Min Fuzhou 懸
Fuzhou (Changle) 懸
Fuqing 懸
Pingtan 懸
Yongtai 懸
Gutian 懸
Fu'an 懸
Ningde 懸
Shouning 懸
Zhouning 懸
Matsu 懸
Southern Min Xiamen 懸, 躼 †
Quanzhou 懸, 躼 †
Zhangzhou 懸, 躼 †
Zhao'an 懸
Taipei 懸, 躼 †
New Taipei (Sanxia) 懸, 躼 †
Kaohsiung 懸, 躼 †
Yilan 懸, 躼 †
Changhua (Lukang) 懸, 躼 †
Taichung 懸
Tainan 懸, 躼 †
Hsinchu 懸
Kinmen 懸
Penghu (Magong) 懸
Penang (Hokkien) 懸
Singapore (Hokkien) 懸, 躼 †
Manila (Hokkien) 懸, 躼 †
Chaozhou 懸
Shantou 懸
Singapore (Teochew) 懸
Wenchang 懸
Qionghai 懸
Singapore (Hainanese) 懸
Puxian Min Putian 懸
Xianyou 懸
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 懸
Wu Shanghai 高, 長 †
Suzhou 高, 長 †
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 長, 高
Wenzhou 高, 長 †
Xiang Changsha 高, 上
Shuangfeng 高, 長 †
Note † - of a person's height
Antonyms
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  • (antonym(s) of “tall”): 矮 (ǎi, “short”)
  • (antonym(s) of “high”): 低 (dī, “low”)

Descendants

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  • → English: Gao, Kao, Ko

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (高):

Etymology 2

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simp. and trad.
 高

Pronunciation

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Note: guain5 - Chaoyang.

Definitions

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高

  1. (Min) Alternative form of 懸 / 悬 (“tall; high”)

References

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Japanese

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Alternative forms

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Kanji

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高

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. tall
  2. high

Readings

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
高
たか
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

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Noun

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高(たか) • (taka) 

  1. maximum, the limit
Idioms
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Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
高
こう
Grade: 2
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 高 (kaw).

Prefix

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高(こう) • (kō-) [3]

  1. high, higher
    高(こう)学(がく)歴(れき)
    kō-gakureki
    high academic achievement; higher education
    高(こう)画質(がしつ)
    kō-gashitsu
    high image quality

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  3. ^ Yoshiro Kojima, Shigeru Takebayashi, Keisuke Nakao, and Hideo Masuda, editors (2005), Luminous Japanese-English Dictionary, second edition, Kenkyusha

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

高 (eumhun 높을 고 (nopeul go))

  1. hanja form? of 고 (“high, tall”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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高: Hán Việt readings: cao (古(cổ)勞(lao)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4]
高: Nôm readings: cao[1][2][3][4][5][6], sào[3][7][6], kiêu[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of cao (“high; tall”).
  2. Nôm form of sào (“pole; stick”).
  3. Chữ Hán form of Cao (“a surname from Chinese.”).

Compounds

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bonet (1899).
  5. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  7. ^ Hồ (1976).
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