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座

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 坐
座 U+5EA7, 座
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5EA7
← 度
[U+5EA6] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 庨 →
[U+5EA8]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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座 (Kangxi radical 53, 广+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈人人土 (IOOG), four-corner 00214, composition ⿸广坐)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 346, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9319
  • Dae Jaweon: page 655, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 886, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5EA7

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 座
2nd round simp. 坐

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (坐) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
脞 *sʰal, *sʰoːlʔ
侳 *ʔsal, *ʔsoːls
挫 *ʔsoːls
夎 *ʔsoːls
遳 *sʰloːl
銼 *sʰoːls, *zoːl, *zoːɡ
剉 *sʰoːls
莝 *sʰoːls
趖 *soːl
矬 *zoːl
痤 *zoːl
睉 *zoːl
坐 *zoːlʔ, *zoːls
座 *zoːls
髽 *ʔsroːl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zoːls) : semantic 广 (“house on cliff”) + phonetic 坐 (OC *zoːlʔ, *zoːls).

Etymology

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Exopassive of 坐 (OC *zoːlʔ, “to sit; to be situated”), literally "that which is sat on" (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • chō/chǒ͘ - literary;
  • chē/chǒ - vernacular.
Rime
Character 座
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 從 (15)
Final (韻) 戈 (95)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徂卧切
Baxter dzwaH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡zuɑH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡zuɑH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡zuɑH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡zwaH/
Li
Rong 		/d͡zuɑH/
Wang
Li 		/d͡zuɑH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/d͡zʱuɑH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zuò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zo6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 座
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zuò
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dzwaH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[dz]ˁo[j]ʔ-s/
English seat n.

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 座
Reading # 1/1
No. 18066
Phonetic
component 		坐
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*zoːls/

Definitions

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座

  1. seat (Classifier: 個／个 m)
    讓座／让座  ―  ràngzuò  ―  to give up one's seat
  2. stand; base (Classifier: 個／个 m c)
  3. Short for 星座 (xīngzuò, “constellation”).
    天蠍座／天蝎座  ―  tiānxiēzuò  ―  Scorpio
  4. Classifier for buildings, mountains and similar immovable objects.
  5. (Hong Kong Cantonese) room number in a residential building
    十八樓C座／十八楼C座 [Hong Kong Cantonese]  ―  sap6 baat3 lau4-2 si1 zo6 [Jyutping]  ―  Eighteenth Floor Block C

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 座 (“(classifier for bridges)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 座
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 座
Taiwan 座
Chengde 座
Chifeng 座
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 座
Heihe 座
Qiqihar 座
Harbin 座
Jiamusi 座
Baicheng 座
Changchun 座
Tonghua 座
Shenyang 座
Jinzhou 座
Singapore 座
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 座
Tangshan 座
Cangzhou 座
Baoding 座
Shijiazhuang 座
Lijin 座
Jinan 座
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 座
Dandong 座
Yantai 座
Qingdao 座
Zhucheng 座
Central Plains Mandarin Lingbao 座
Jining 座
Shangqiu 座
Yuanyang 座
Zhengzhou 座
Xinyang 座
Baihe 座
Xi'an 座, 個, 架
Baoji 座
Tianshui 座
Xining 座
Xuzhou 座
Fuyang 座
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 座
Lanzhou 座
Dunhuang 座
Hami 座
Ürümqi 座
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 道, 座, 架
Nanchong 座
Dazhou 座
Hanyuan 座
Xichang 座
Zigong 座
Chongqing 座
Wuhan 道, 座
Yichang 座
Xiangyang 座
Tianmen 座
Guiyang 座
Zunyi 座
Bijie 座
Liping 架
Zhaotong 座
Dali 座
Kunming 座
Mengzi 座
Guilin 座
Liuzhou 座
Jishou 座
Changde 座
Hanzhong 座
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 座
Yangzhou 道, 座
Lianyungang 座
Lianshui 座
Nantong 座
Anqing 座
Wuhu 座
Hefei 道, 座
Hong'an 座
Cantonese Guangzhou 度, 戙
Hong Kong 條, 座
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 度
Macau 座
Guangzhou (Panyu) 度, 戙
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 度
Guangzhou (Conghua) 戙
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 度
Foshan 戙
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 戙
Foshan (Sanshui) 戙
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 戙
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 度
Zhuhai (Doumen) 度
Jiangmen (Baisha) 度
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 戙
Taishan 對
Kaiping (Chikan) 度
Enping (Niujiang) 獨
Heshan (Yayao) 度
Dongguan 度
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 度
Yangjiang 度
Gan Nanchang 道
Hakka Meixian 座
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 度
Dongguan (Qingxi) 度
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 度
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 度
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 條
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 條, 板
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 條, 板
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 板
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 條, 板
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 條, 板
Huizhou Shexian 乘
Jin Taiyuan 座
Yangyuan 座
Datong 座
Xinzhou 座
Lüliang (Lishi) 座
Changzhi 座
Linhe 座
Jining 座
Hohhot 座
Erenhot 座
Pingshan 座
Zhangjiakou 座
Handan 座
Linzhou 座
Suide 座
Northern Min Jian'ou 座
Eastern Min Fuzhou 條
Southern Min Xiamen 座
Taipei (Wanhua) 板
Kaohsiung 座
Yilan 條
Changhua (Lukang) 板
Taichung 板
Taichung (Wuqi) 板
Tainan 條
Taitung 條
Hsinchu 條
Penghu (Magong) 逝
Manila (Hokkien) 條, 座
Chaozhou 條
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 條
Wu Suzhou 頂
Wenzhou 爿, 條
Xiang Changsha 座, 隻
Shuangfeng 條, 座
Dialectal synonyms of 座 (“(classifier for mountains)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 座
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 座
Cantonese Guangzhou 座
Hong Kong 座
Eastern Min Fuzhou 崙
Southern Min Xiamen 座
Quanzhou 座
Zhangzhou 座

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • → Vietnamese: toà

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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座

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: ざ (za, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: さ (sa)
  • Kun: すわる (suwaru, 座る, Jōyō)、くら (kura, 座)、います (imasu, 座す)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
座
ざ
Grade: 6
on'yomi

Middle Chinese 座 (d͡zuɑH)

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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座(ざ) • (-za) 

  1. names of constellations
  2. names of theaters

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
座
くら
Grade: 6
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

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Affix

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座(くら) • (kura) 

  1. high place
Derived terms
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References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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座 • (jwa) (hangeul 좌)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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座: Hán Nôm readings: tọa/toạ, tòa/toà, phụng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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