塒

See also: 埘

塒	U+5852, 塒 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5852

← 塑
[U+5851]

CJK Unified Ideographs

塓 →
[U+5853]

Translingual

Han character

塒 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 土日土戈 (GAGI), four-corner 4414₁, composition ⿰土時)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 235, character 11
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5329
Dae Jaweon: page 473, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 471, character 12
Unihan data for U+5852

Chinese

trad.		塒
simp.		埘

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (寺) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
等	tɯːʔ, tɯːŋʔ
待	*dɯːʔ
寺	*ljɯs
持	*l'ɯ
峙	*dɯʔ
痔	*dɯʔ
跱	*dɯʔ
歭	*dɯʔ
洔	dɯʔ, tjɯʔ
畤	dɯʔ, tjɯʔ, *djɯʔ
秲	dɯʔ, djɯs
庤	*dɯʔ
時	*djɯ
鰣	*djɯ
塒	*djɯ
蒔	djɯ, djɯs
榯	*djɯ
恃	*djɯʔ
侍	*djɯs
詩	*hljɯ
邿	*hljɯ
特	*dɯːɡ

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shí (shi²)

(Zhuyin): ㄕˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): si⁴ / zi⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chi

(Hailu, HRS): zi^ˇ

(Meixian, Guangdong): ji⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): sì
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): si²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sî

(Teochew, Peng'im): si⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shí
  - Zhuyin: ㄕˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shíh
  - Wade–Giles: shih²
  - Yale: shŕ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyr
  - Palladius: ши (ši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: si⁴ / zi⁶
  - Yale: sìh / jih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: si⁴ / dzi⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: xi⁴ / ji⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siː²¹/, /t͡siː²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chi
  - Hakka Romanization System: ji
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ji⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡si⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: zi^ˇ
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡si¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ji⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡si⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /si⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: si²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬi¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sî
  - Tâi-lô: sî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sii
  - IPA (Xiamen): /si²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /si²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /si¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /si²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /si²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: si⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sî
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /si⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: dzyi

Rime
Character	塒
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	市之切
Baxter	dzyi
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑɨ/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑɨ/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑie/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑɨ/
Li Rong	/ʑiə/
Wang Li	/ʑĭə/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	si⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*djɯ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	塒
Reading #	1/1
No.	12044
Phonetic component	寺
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	時
Old Chinese	/*djɯ/

Definitions

塒

roost, especially those made by piercing the wall
- 雞棲于塒、日之夕矣、羊牛下來。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  鸡栖于埘、日之夕矣、羊牛下来。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Jī qī yú shí, rì zhī xī yǐ, yáng niú xiàlái. [Pinyin]
  The fowls roost in their holes in the walls; and in the evening of the day, the goats and cows come down [from the hill].

Compounds

References

“塒”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “埘”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 210.

Japanese

Kanji

塒

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

Go-on: じ (ji)
Kan-on: し (shi)
Kun: ねぐら (negura)、とぐろ (toguro)、とや (toya)、とぐら (togura)

Compounds

就塒(しゅうじ) (shūji, “roosting”)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
塒
ねぐら Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Compound of 寝(ね) (ne) + 座(くら) (kura).^[1] The kura changes to gura as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ねぐら [nègúrá] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [ne̞ɡɯ̟ɾa̠]

Noun

塒(ねぐら) • (negura)

roost

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
塒
とぐろ Hyōgai
kun'yomi

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “鳥(と) (to)+くろ (kuro) from 幹(から) (kara), as in 身(むくろ) (mukuro)?”

Alternative forms

蜷局

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) とぐろ [tògúróꜜ] (Odaka – [3])^[1]^[2]
(Tokyo) とぐろ [tògúró] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [to̞ɡɯ̟ɾo̞]

Noun

塒(とぐろ) • (toguro)

coil

Derived terms

塒(とぐろ)を巻(ま)く (toguro o maku)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
塒
とや Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Compound of 鳥(と) (to) + 屋(や) (ya).

Alternative forms

鳥屋

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) とや [tòyá] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [to̞ja̠]

Noun

塒(とや) • (toya)

henhouse

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
塒
とぐら Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Compound of 鳥(と) (to) + 座(くら) (kura). The kura changes to gura as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Alternative forms

鳥栖, 鳥座

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [to̞ɡɯ̟ɾa̠]

Noun

塒(とぐら) • (togura)

nest

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

塒 • (si) (hangeul 시, revised si, McCune–Reischauer si)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

塒: Hán Việt readings: thì^[1]^[2]^[3]

chữ Hán form of thì (“nest, roost”).

References

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[gdhn-3] Trần (2004).

[tvctdhv-4] Trần (1999).

[hvttd-5] Nguyễn (1974).

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