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市

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 帀 and 巿
市 U+5E02, 市
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E02
← 币
[U+5E01] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 布 →
[U+5E03]

Translingual

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Stroke order
5 strokes

Alternative forms

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Note that the Ming typeface used in Japan and Korea as well as the Kangxi dictionary uses a vertical dot for the upper component of 亠 which is slightly different from modern Chinese scripts which uses a slanting 丶 dot for the upper component of 亠 in 市.

Han character

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市 (Kangxi radical 50, 巾+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 卜中月 (YLB), four-corner 00227, composition ⿱丶帀 or ⿱亠巾)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 328, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8775
  • Dae Jaweon: page 632, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 729, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5E02

Usage notes

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This character is not to be confused with visually similar but unrelated 巿 (U+5DFF), which has only four strokes and is written with 一 across the top of 巾.

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 市
Wikipedia has an article on:

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 市
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Oracle bone script and bronze inscriptions: Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *djɯʔ) : semantic 兮 (“bustling”) + phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ).

Etymology

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Possibly related to Proto-Tai *z.ɟɯːꟲ (“to buy”), whence Thai ซื้อ (sʉ́ʉ) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • chhī/chhǐ - vernacular;
  • sī/sǐ - literary.
Note:
  • shr5 - vernacular;
  • shr4 - literary.
    Rime
    Character 市
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 常 (25)
    Final (韻) 之 (19)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 時止切
    Baxter dzyiX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/d͡ʑɨX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/d͡ʑɨX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/d͡ʑieX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/d͡ʑɨX/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʑiəX/
    Wang
    Li         		/ʑĭəX/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/ʑiX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		shì
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		si6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 市
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		shì
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ dzyiX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*C.[d]əʔ/
    English market (n.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 市
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 11611
    Phonetic
    component         		市
    Rime
    group         		之
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		市
    Old
    Chinese         		/*djɯʔ/

    Definitions

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    市

    1. city; town
    2. market; fair
    3. to trade; to do business
    4. to buy
    5. to sell
    6. (Cantonese) market situation; especially the stock market
    7. (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) business situation (buy and sell of goods)

    Compounds

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    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    市

    (Second grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

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    • Go-on: じ (ji)
    • Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
    • Kun: いち (ichi, 市, Jōyō)

    Compounds

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    Derived terms

    Etymology 1

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    Kanji in this term
    市
    いち
    Grade: 2
    kun'yomi

    From Old Japanese 市 (ichi). Found in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1]

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    市(いち) • (ichi) 

    1. a market, a marketplace
    2. a place where a lot of people gather
    3. (less commonly) a town, a city

    Etymology 2

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    Kanji in this term
    市
    し
    Grade: 2
    on'yomi

    Suffix

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    市(し) • (-shi) 

    1. city
    Usage notes
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    When compounding, similar to 都 (-to), 道 (-dō), 府 (-fu), 県 (-ken) and 町 (chō), makes the accent fall on the 自立拍 (jiritsuhaku, “autonomous mora”) immediately before itself. For example:

    References

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    1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean

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    Etymology

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    From Middle Chinese 市 (MC dzyiX).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation

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    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɕʰi(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [시(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja

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    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    市 (eumhun 저자 시 (jeoja si))

    1. hanja form? of 시 (“market”)
    2. hanja form? of 시 (“city; town”)

    Compounds

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    Derived terms

    References

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    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    市: Hán Nôm readings: thị

    1. (only in compounds) market
    2. (only in compounds) city

    Compounds

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