猛

See also: 勐

猛	U+731B, 猛 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-731B

← 猚
[U+731A]

CJK Unified Ideographs

猜 →
[U+731C]

Translingual

Han character

猛 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 大竹弓木廿 (KHNDT), four-corner 4721₇, composition ⿰犭孟)

Derived characters

𢕙

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 713, character 26
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20498
Dae Jaweon: page 1125, character 19
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1354, character 22
Unihan data for U+731B

Chinese

simp. and trad.		猛

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (皿) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
猛	*mraːŋʔ
艋	*mraːŋʔ
蜢	*mraːŋʔ
皿	*maŋʔ
孟	*mraːŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mraːŋʔ) : semantic 犬 + phonetic 孟 (OC *mraːŋs).

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): měng (meng³)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄥˇ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): mong³
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): maang⁵

(Taishan, Wiktionary): mang⁴ / mang¹
Gan (Wiktionary): men³ / mang³ / mung³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): mâng / mên

(Meixian, Guangdong): mang¹
Jin (Wiktionary): meng²
Northern Min (KCR): ma̿ing
Eastern Min (BUC): māng / mēng / mē̤ng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): meng³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): béng / mí / mée / mé / mih / meeh

(Teochew, Peng'im): mên² / mêng²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶man; ⁵men
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): mong³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: měng
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: měng
  - Wade–Giles: mêng³
  - Yale: měng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meeng
  - Palladius: мэн (mɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɤŋ²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: mong³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mung
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /moŋ⁵³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: maang⁵
  - Yale: máahng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: maang⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: mang⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maːŋ¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: mang⁴ / mang¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵐbaŋ²¹/, /ᵐbaŋ³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: men³ / mang³ / mung³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɛn²¹³/, /maŋ²¹³/, /muŋ²¹³/

Note:

men3 - vernacular;
mang3 - vernacular (used in 猛子);
mung3 - literary.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mâng / mên
  - Hakka Romanization System: mang^ˊ / men^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mang¹ / men¹
  - Sinological IPA: /maŋ²⁴/, /men²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: mang¹
  - Sinological IPA: /maŋ⁴⁴/

Note:

Sixian:
- mâng - verncular;
- mên - literary.

Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: meng²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /məŋ⁵³/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ma̿ing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maiŋ³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: māng / mēng / mē̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maŋ³³/, /mɛiŋ³³/, /møyŋ³³/

Note:

māng - fierce (of fires), quick/speedy;
mēng - fierce (general), surname;
mē̤ng - powerful, suddenly.

Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: meng³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɛŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: meng³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɛŋ³³²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: béng
  - Tâi-lô: bíng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: beang
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /biɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Singapore): /beŋ⁴²/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /biɪŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɪŋ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mí
  - Tâi-lô: mí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: mie
  - IPA (Xiamen): /mĩ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mée
  - Tâi-lô: mée
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /mɛ̃⁵³/
  - IPA (Penang): /mɛ⁴⁴⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mé
  - Tâi-lô: mé
  - Phofsit Daibuun: mea
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /mẽ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /mẽ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mih
  - Tâi-lô: mih
  - Phofsit Daibuun: miq
  - IPA (Xiamen): /mĩʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: meeh
  - Tâi-lô: meeh
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /mɛ̃ʔ³²/

Note:

Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taiwan:
- béng - literary;
- mí/mée/mé/mih/meeh - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: mên² / mêng²
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: méⁿ / méng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /mẽ⁵²/, /meŋ⁵²/

Note:

mên2 - vernacular ("fast");
mêng2 - literary.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶man; ⁵men
  - MiniDict: man^去; 'men^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³man; ²'men
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mã²³/, /mən³⁴/

Note:

3man - vernacular;
2'men - literary.

Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: mong³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /mʊŋ⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /mən⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: maengX

Rime
Character	猛
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	莫幸切
Baxter	maengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠæŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚaŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/maŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/maɨjŋ^X/
Li Rong	/mɐŋ^X/
Wang Li	/mɐŋ^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mɐŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	měng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mang⁵

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*mraːŋʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	猛
Reading #	1/1
No.	9148
Phonetic component	皿
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*mraːŋʔ/
Notes	原作莫幸切（幸在耿韻），依切三全王改

Definitions

猛

ferocious; fierce; violent
猛獸／猛兽 ― měngshòu ― ferocious beast
bold; brave; courageous
勇猛 ― yǒngměng ― bold
powerful; vigorous; intense
風吹得很猛。／风吹得很猛。 ― Fēng chuī de hěn měng. ― The wind is blowing very hard.
(slang) awesome
(Cantonese) haunted; spooky
(Eastern Min, Teochew, Hainanese, Zhangzhou and Penang Hokkien, dialectal Hakka) fast; quick
suddenly; abruptly; quickly
(colloquial) to one's heart's content
(Cantonese) continuously; vigorously; persistently; insistently
佢猛打機，都唔記得要食飯。 [Cantonese, trad.]
佢猛打机，都唔记得要食饭。 [Cantonese, simp.]
keoi⁵ maang⁵ daa² gei¹, dou¹ m⁴ gei³ dak¹ jiu³ sik⁶ faan⁶. [Jyutping]
He gamed as if there were no tomorrow, such that he even forgot to eat.
- 十個女仔，九個話咪，明明係制，猛話唔係 [Cantonese, trad.]
  十个女仔，九个话咪，明明系制，猛话唔系 [Cantonese, simp.]
  From: Samuel Hui, 十個女仔
  sap⁶ go³ neoi⁵ zai², gau² go³ waa⁶ mai⁵, ming⁴ ming⁴ hai⁶ zai³, maang⁵ waa⁶ m⁴ hai⁶ [Jyutping]
  Out of ten girls, nine said no. [They're] obviously willing, [but they] kept saying no.
a surname

Synonyms

(fast):

Dialectal synonyms of 快 (“fast; quick; speedy”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		疾
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		快, 快速, 迅速
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	快
	Taiwan	快
	Harbin	快騰
	Malaysia	快
	Singapore	快
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	快
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	快
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	快
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	快, 快當, 快性
	Wuhan	快
	Guiyang	快, 快當
	Guilin	快
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	快, 𢜶
	Yangzhou	快, 𢜶
	Hefei	快, 𢜶
Cantonese	Guangzhou	快, 快脆
	Hong Kong	快, 快脆
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	快
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	快
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	快
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	快
	Taishan	快, 快脆
	Dongguan	快脆
	Qingyuan	快
	Yangjiang	快
	Danzhou	快
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	快
	Penang (Guangfu)	快
	Singapore (Guangfu)	快
Gan	Nanchang	快
	Lichuan	快
	Pingxiang	快
Hakka	Meixian	遽, 快
	Xingning	遽
	Huidong (Daling)	遽, 快
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	䟐
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	急
	Pinghe (Jiufeng)	緊
	Changting	䟐
	Wuping	䟐
	Wuping (Pingyu)	遽, 䟐
	Ninghua	䟐
	Yudu	快
	Ruijin	遽
	Shicheng	快, 䟐
	Shangyou (Shexi)	快
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	遽
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	遽
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	遽
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	遽, 拚
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	遽
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	緊
	Hong Kong	快
	Senai (Huiyang)	遽
	Kuching (Hepo)	猛
	Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	猛
	Singkawang	猛
Huizhou	Jixi	快
Jin	Taiyuan	快
Northern Min	Jian'ou	快
	Songxi	快
	Jianyang	快
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	快, 猛
	Gutian	快
	Ningde	快
	Zhouning	快
	Fuding	快
Southern Min	Xiamen	緊
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	緊
	Quanzhou	緊
	Jinjiang	緊
	Anxi	緊
	Yongchun	緊
	Zhangzhou	猛, 緊
	Zhao'an	猛, 兇
	Taipei	緊
	Kaohsiung	緊
	Tainan	緊
	Penang (Hokkien)	緊, 猛, 快
	Singapore (Hokkien)	緊
	Manila (Hokkien)	緊
	Longyan	快
	Datian	緊
	Chaozhou	猛
	Shantou	猛
	Shantou (Chenghai)	猛
	Jieyang	猛
	Haifeng	猛
	Bangkok (Teochew)	猛
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	猛
	Singapore (Teochew)	猛
	Leizhou	猛
	Wenchang	猛, 快
	Haikou	猛
	Qionghai	快
	Singapore (Hainanese)	猛
Puxian Min	Putian	緊
Puxian Min	Xianyou	緊
Central Min	Yong'an	烈
Central Min	Sanming (Shaxian)	烈
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	快, 快當
Shehua	Fu'an	快
	Fuding	快
	Luoyuan	快
	Shunchang	快
	Hua'an	快
	Guixi (Zhangping)	快
	Cangnan	快
	Jingning (Hexi)	快
	Lishui	快
	Longyou	快
Wu	Shanghai	快, 𢜶
	Shanghai (Chongming)	快
	Suzhou	快, 𢜶
	Danyang	快, 𢜶
	Hangzhou	快
	Ningbo	快
	Wenzhou	快, 緊
	Jinhua	快
Xiang	Changsha	快, 快迅
Xiang	Shuangfeng	快, 快迅

(suddenly):

edit

一下 (yīxià)
一下子 (yīxiàzi)
一舉 / 一举 (yījǔ)
一頭 / 一头 (yītóu)
乍然 (zhàrán) (literary)
倏忽 (literary)
卒爾 / 卒尔 (cù'ěr) (literary)
忽地 (hūdì)
忽然 (hūrán)
𢫦𢫦風 / 𢫦𢫦风 (Hakka)
暫 / 暂 (zàn) (literary)
猝然 (cùrán)
猛然 (měngrán)
猝爾 / 猝尔 (cù'ěr) (literary)
突然 (tūrán)
突然間 / 突然间 (tūránjiān)
豁然 (huòrán) (literary)
遽然 (jùrán) (literary)
陡 (dǒu) (literary, or in compounds)
陡然 (dǒurán)
霍然 (huòrán)
頓 / 顿 (literary)
頓然 / 顿然 (dùnrán)
驀地 / 蓦地
驀然 / 蓦然 (mòrán) (formal)
驟然 / 骤然 (zhòurán) (literary)

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (猛):

→ Japanese: 猛(もう) (mō)

Others:

→ Vietnamese: mạnh (猛, “powerful”)

References

“猛”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “猛”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 155.

Japanese

Kanji

猛

(Jōyō kanji)

fierce, ferocious

Readings

Go-on: もう (mō, Jōyō)^{←まう (mau, historical)}、みょう (myō)^{←みやう (myau, historical)}
Kan-on: ぼう (bō)^{←ばう (bau, historical)}
Kun: たけし (takeshi, 猛し)、たける (takeru, 猛る)、たけぶ (takebu, 猛ぶ)
Nanori: たけし (takeshi)、たける (takeru)

Compounds

猛丸(たけまる) (Takemaru): A male given name
猛速(もうそく) (mōsoku): seriously fast speed

Etymology

Kanji in this term
猛
もう Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) もー [móꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [mo̞ː]

Noun

猛(もう) • (mō) ^{←まう (mau)^?}

ferociousness

Prefix

猛(もう) • (mō-) ^{←まう (mau-)^?}

wild, ferocious, frenzied
猛(もう)ダッシュ
mō-dasshu
wild dash

猛(もう)アタック
mō-atakku
frenzied attack

猛(もう)勉強(べんきょう)
mō-benkyō
intense studying

Proper noun

猛(たけし) • (Takeshi)

a male given name

猛(たける) • (Takeru)

a male given name

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

猛 (eumhun 사나울 맹 (sanaul maeng))

hanja form^? of 맹 (“violent, savage, cruel”)
hanja form^? of 맹 (“bold”)

Vietnamese

Han character

猛: Hán Nôm readings: mãnh, mạnh

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]