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兵

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 丘
兵 U+5175, 兵
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5175
← 兴
[U+5174] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 其 →
[U+5176]

Translingual

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Stroke order
7 strokes

Han character

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兵 (Kangxi radical 12, 八+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人一金 (OMC), four-corner 72801, composition ⿱丘八)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 127, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1462
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 244, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+5175

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 兵
alternative forms 𠦛
𠬿

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 兵
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
j05124
j05125
j05126
b03381
b03382
b03383
b03384
b03385
b03386
s01979
s01980
s01981
Transcribed ancient scripts
L33068
L33069
L33070
L33071
L33072
L33073
L10409
L10410
L10411
L10412
L10413
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (兵) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
浜 *praːŋ, *praːŋʔ
捠 *praːŋ
兵 *praŋ

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 斤 (“a short axe”) + 廾 (“2 hands”) – a pair of hands holding a weapon. Unrelated to 丘.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • piaⁿ - vernacular;
  • phiaⁿ - vernacular (“police”);
  • peng - literary (“pawn”).
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 兵
Mandarin Beijing /piŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /piŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /piŋ²¹/
Jinan /piŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /piŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /piŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /piŋ²¹/
Xining /piə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /piŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /pĩn³¹/
Ürümqi /piŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /pin⁵⁵/
Chengdu /pin⁵⁵/
Guiyang /pin⁵⁵/
Kunming /pĩ/
Nanjing /pin³¹/
Hefei /pin²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /piəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /piŋ¹³/
Hohhot /pĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /piŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /pin⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /pin³³/
Wenzhou /peŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /piʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /pɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /pin³³/
Xiangtan /pin³³/
Gan Nanchang /pin⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /pin⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /pin²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /peŋ⁵³/
Nanning /peŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /piŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /piŋ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /piŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /peiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /piã³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔbeŋ²³/
/ʔbia²³/
Rime
Character 兵
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 庚 (111)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 甫明切
Baxter pjaeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pˠiæŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pᵚiaŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/piaŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/piajŋ/
Li
Rong 		/piɐŋ/
Wang
Li 		/pĭɐŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/pi̯ɐŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bīng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bing1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 兵
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bīng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pjæng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*praŋ/
English weapon

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 兵
Reading # 1/1
No. 865
Phonetic
component 		兵
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		兵
Old
Chinese 		/*praŋ/

Definitions

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兵

  1. weapon
  2. army; troops
  3. soldier; warrior (Classifier: 個／个)
    士兵  ―  shìbīng  ―  soldier
  4. warfare
  5. (xiangqi) pawn; private; soldier: 🩦 (on the red side)
  6. (chess) pawn
  7. (Cantonese) Short for 觀音兵 / 观音兵 (guānyīnbīng).
  8. (Philippine Hokkien) police

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 警察 (“police; police officer”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 警察, 警官, 警員
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 警察, 雷子 argot
Taiwan 警察
Chifeng 警察
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 警察
Harbin 警察
Shenyang 警察
Malaysia 警察, 馬打
Singapore 警察, 馬打 dated
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 警察
Tangshan 警察
Cangzhou 民警
Baoding 警察
Shijiazhuang 警察
Jinan 警察
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 警察
Qingdao 警察
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 警察
Wanrong 警察
Zhengzhou 警察
Xi'an 警察
Xining 警察
Xuzhou 警察
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 警察
Lanzhou 警察
Ürümqi 警察
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 警察
Chongqing 警察
Wuhan 警察
Guiyang 警察, 警士 dated, 警士先生 dated face-to-face, 貓菜 dated nickname
Kunming 警察
Guilin 警察
Liuzhou 警察, 警伯 playful
Binyang (Nanjie) 警察, 走狗 argot
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 警察
Dagudi (Maliba) 警察
Reshuitang (Longling) 警察
Mae Salong (Lancang) 警察
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 警察
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 警察
Yangzhou 警察
Nantong 警察
Hefei 警察
Cantonese Guangzhou 警察, 差人, 差佬 male, 老二 dated
Hong Kong 警察, 差人, 阿Sir male, madam female, 差佬 male, slightly derogatory, 差婆 female, slightly derogatory, 警犬 derogatory, 狗 derogatory, 龜 derogatory, 老更 dated
Taishan 警察
Dongguan 阿Sir, 差佬
Qinzhou 警察, 差佬
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 警察, 公安
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 警察, 公安, 差佬
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 警察
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 馬打
Singapore (Guangfu) 馬打
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 公安, 綠衣, 警察
Móng Cái 警察, 公安
Gan Lichuan 警察
Hakka Meixian 警察
Yudu 警察
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 警察
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 警察
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 警察
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 巡查, 警察
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 警察
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 巡查
Huizhou Jixi 警察
Shexian 警察
Jin Taiyuan 警察
Xinzhou 警察, 小對子 dated
Linhe 警察
Jining 警察
Hohhot 警察
Zhangjiakou 警察
Handan 警察
Eastern Min Fuzhou 警察
Fuqing 警察
Matsu 警察
Southern Min Xiamen 警察, 馬打 dated, 烏跤 dated, derogatory
Quanzhou 警察
Zhangzhou 警察, 烏跤 dated, derogatory
Taipei 大人
Kaohsiung 警察
Yilan 警察
Changhua (Lukang) 警察
Taichung 巡查
Taichung (Wuqi) 警察
Tainan 大人, 賊頭 GT, derogatory
Hsinchu 警察
Kinmen 馬打
Penghu (Magong) 大人
Penang (Hokkien) 馬打
Singapore (Hokkien) 馬打, 大狗
Manila (Hokkien) 兵, 警察, 臭兵 derogatory
Guilin (Biyange) 警察
Chaozhou 警察
Shantou 警察
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 馬打
Singapore (Teochew) 馬打, 大狗, 大狗兄
Batam (Teochew) 馬打
Haikou 警察
Central Min Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) 警察
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 警察, 差佬
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 警察
Wu Shanghai 警察, 黑貓警長, 黑貓, 老貓
Shanghai (Chongming) 警察
Suzhou 警察
Danyang 警察
Ningbo 警察, 警察爛眼 derogatory
Wenzhou 警察
Jinhua 警察
Xiang Changsha 警察
Loudi 警察
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Coordinate terms

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Compounds

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See also

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Chess pieces in Mandarin · 國際象棋棋子 / 国际象棋棋子 (guójì xiàngqí qízǐ) (layout · text)
♚ ♛ ♜ ♝ ♞ ♟
王 (wáng),
國王 / 国王 (guówáng) 		后 (hòu),
皇后 (huánghòu) 		車 / 车 (jū),
城堡 (chéngbǎo) 		象 (xiàng),
主教 (zhǔjiào) 		馬 / 马 (mǎ),
騎士 / 骑士 (qíshì) 		兵 (bīng)

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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兵

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
兵
つわもの
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 兵 – see the following entry.
【つわもの】
[noun] (military) a war machine; a weapon
[noun] military ration
[noun] a brave and strong warrior
[noun] a stubborn person
Alternative spelling
強者
(This term, 兵, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
兵
へい
Grade: 4
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 兵 (MC pjaeng). The kan'on, so a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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兵(へい) • (hei) 

  1. a soldier
  2. a war machine; a weapon
  3. a battle, a war
  4. in the old Japanese military structure, the lowest set of ranks for a soldier: a private, corporal, lance corporal

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
兵
ひょう
Grade: 4
goon

From Middle Chinese 兵 (MC pjaeng). The goon, so an earlier borrowing.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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兵(ひょう) • (hyō) 

  1. soldier
  2. another name for 歩(ふ) (fu) in shogi
Synonyms
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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

兵 (eumhun 군사 병 (gunsa byeong))

  1. hanja form? of 병 (“soldier”)

Compounds

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Compounds

Vietnamese

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Han character

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兵: Hán Việt readings: binh (補(bổ)明(minh)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4]
兵: Nôm readings: binh[1][2][3][4][5][6], banh[1][3][4][5][6], bênh[1][3][7][5], bưng[1], bành[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of binh (“military troops”).

Compounds

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Bonet (1899).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Génibrel (1898).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  7. ^ Hồ (1976).
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