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卒

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 卆, 率, and 쭈
卒 U+5352, 卒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5352
← 卑
[U+5351] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 卓 →
[U+5353]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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卒 (Kangxi radical 24, 十+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜人人十 (YOOJ), four-corner 00408, composition ⿱𠅃十)

Derived characters

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Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 156, character 28
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2740
  • Dae Jaweon: page 356, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 63, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+5352

Chinese

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 卒
2nd round simp. 卆
alternative forms
卆
䘚
𠥾
𨒳
𧙻
卆
䘚
𠥾
𨒳
𧙻
𰠄
 

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (卒) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
晬 *ʔsuːds
祽 *ʔsuːds
綷 *ʔsuːds
淬 *sʰuːds
啐 *sʰuːds, *suːds, *sʰroːds, *ʔsud
倅 *sʰuːds, *ʔsuːd
焠 *sʰuːds
碎 *suːds
誶 *suːds, *suds, *zud
濢 *ʔslulʔ, *sʰluds
噿 *ʔslulʔ
臎 *ʔslulʔ, *sʰluds
醉 *ʔsuds
翠 *sʰuds
悴 *zuds
萃 *zuds
瘁 *zuds
顇 *zuds
粹 *suds
睟 *suds
賥 *suds
卒 *ʔsuːd, *sʰuːd, *ʔsud
稡 *ʔsuːd
猝 *sʰuːd
椊 *zuːd
捽 *zuːd, *zud
崪 *zuːd
窣 *suːd
崒 *zud
踤 *zud
錊 *ʔsuːɡ

There were 5 forms of 卒 in Shang oracle bone script (Qiu, 1990; Xuan, 2012):

  1. : same as 衣 (“clothes”) (> Western Zhou bronze script );
  2. : a crisscross 衣 - a completed clothing;
  3. (卒): ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 衣 (“clothes”) with a mark - a completed clothing to be folded (> Warring States bronze script ; Chu slip and silk script );
  4. (𧙻): phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声) : 衣 (“clothes”) + 聿 (OC *b·lud) (hand (又) holding a brush);
  5. ,: 𧙻 having 又 omitted.

The brush shape in form (5) was often placed upside down. Later the inverted brush shape was mistaken as 又 and then moved to the top as in Chu slip and silk script (𰠄) to avoid obscuration with 袁 (衣 + 又) (Xuan, 2012).

Etymology 1

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From 遭 (OC *ʔsluː, “to meet”) + nominal suffix *-t (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 卒
Mandarin Beijing /t͡su³⁵/
Harbin /t͡su²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡su⁴⁵/
Jinan /t͡su⁴²/
Qingdao /t͡su⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡su⁴²/
Xi'an /t͡sou²⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕy²⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡su¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡su⁵³/
Ürümqi /t͡su⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡səu²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡su³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕiu²¹/
Kunming /t͡su³¹/
Nanjing /t͡suʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡suəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡suəʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡ɕyʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /t͡suəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡səʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡səʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡soʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡sai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕyʔ²¹/
/t͡ɕyeʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡sən²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡səu²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡səi²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sɨʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sut̚¹/
Taoyuan /t͡sut̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡søt̚⁵/
Nanning /t͡syt̚⁵⁵/
/t͡sɐt̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡søt̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sut̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡souʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡so²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡suk̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /tut̚⁵/
Rime
Character 卒
Reading # 3/3
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 沒 (56)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 臧没切
Baxter tswot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡suət̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡suot̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡suət̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡swət̚/
Li
Rong 		/t͡suət̚/
Wang
Li 		/t͡suət̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡suət̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zyut3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 卒
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tswot ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ts]ˁut/
English soldier

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 卒
Reading # 1/3
No. 17955
Phonetic
component 		卒
Rime
group 		物
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		卒
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔsuːd/

Definitions

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卒

  1. soldier
  2. servant
  3. (xiangqi) pawn; private; soldier: 🩭 (on the black side)
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 卒子 (“xiangqi black pawn”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 卒子
Northeastern Mandarin Harbin 卒兒
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 小卒兒
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 小卒兒, 卒
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 卒子, 小卒
Xi'an 卒子, 卒, 小卒
Xining 卒, 卒子, 尕卒兒
Xuzhou 小卒, 小卒子, 小卒兒, 卒頭子
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 卒
Lanzhou 卒子, 卒
Ürümqi 卒兒, 卒子, 卒娃子
Southwestern Mandarin Wuhan 卒子, 卒
Guiyang 卒子, 卒, 小卒子, 小卒
Liuzhou 卒崽, 卒
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 小卒, 卒子
Yangzhou 卒子, 小卒子
Cantonese Hong Kong 卒
Dongguan 卒
Gan Nanchang 卒子, 卒
Lichuan 卒
Pingxiang 卒仔, 卒
Hakka Meixian 卒
Yudu 卒子, 卒
Huizhou Jixi 卒
Jin Taiyuan 卒子
Xinzhou 卒子, 黑卒子
Northern Min Jian'ou 卒仔
Eastern Min Fuzhou 卒, 卒囝
Southern Min Xiamen 卒仔, 卒
Quanzhou 卒仔, 卒
Zhangzhou 卒仔, 卒
Tainan 卒仔
Leizhou 卒囝
Haikou 卒
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 卒崽, 卒
Wu Shanghai 卒
Shanghai (Chongming) 卒
Suzhou 卒
Danyang 卒, 卒卒
Hangzhou 卒卒兒
Ningbo 卒格, 卒格爛眼
Wenzhou 卒兒, 爛頭卒
Jinhua 卒
Xiang Changsha 卒子, 卒
Loudi 卒子, 卒
Coordinate terms
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Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (卒):
  • → Japanese: 卒(そつ) (sotsu)
  • → Korean: 졸(卒) (jol)
  • → Vietnamese: tốt (卒)

Etymology 2

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “from ST *(t/d)u-n/t? Related to 瘁/悴, 酋, 傮, 造, 秋?”)

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 卒
Mandarin Beijing /t͡su³⁵/
Harbin /t͡su²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡su⁴⁵/
Jinan /t͡su⁴²/
Qingdao /t͡su⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡su⁴²/
Xi'an /t͡sou²⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕy²⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡su¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡su⁵³/
Ürümqi /t͡su⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡səu²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡su³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕiu²¹/
Kunming /t͡su³¹/
Nanjing /t͡suʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡suəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡suəʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡ɕyʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /t͡suəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡səʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡səʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡soʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡sai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕyʔ²¹/
/t͡ɕyeʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡sən²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡səu²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡səi²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sɨʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sut̚¹/
Taoyuan /t͡sut̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡søt̚⁵/
Nanning /t͡syt̚⁵⁵/
/t͡sɐt̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡søt̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sut̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡souʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡so²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡suk̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /tut̚⁵/
Rime
Character 卒
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 術 (52)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 子聿切
Baxter tswit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡siuɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡sʷit̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sjuet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡swit̚/
Li
Rong 		/t͡siuĕt̚/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sĭuĕt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡si̯uĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ju
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zeot1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 卒
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tswit ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ts]ut/
English finish, die

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 卒
Reading # 3/3
No. 17964
Phonetic
component 		卒
Rime
group 		物
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		卒
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔsud/
Notes 裘錫圭康殷皆雲金文象衣加劃表衣縫製完結

Definitions

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卒

  1. to finish
  2. to pass away; to die
    卒於1992年／卒于1992年  ―  zú yú 1992 nián  ―  die in 1992
  3. at last; finally

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 卒
Reading # 2/3
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 沒 (56)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 倉没切
Baxter tshwot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡sʰuət̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡sʰuot̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sʰuət̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sʰwət̚/
Li
Rong 		/t͡sʰuət̚/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sʰuət̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡sʰuət̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		cu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		cyut3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 卒
Reading # 2/3
No. 17959
Phonetic
component 		卒
Rime
group 		物
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		猝
Old
Chinese 		/*sʰuːd/

Definitions

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卒

  1. Alternative form of 猝 (cù, “hurried; suddenly”)

Compounds

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Etymology 4

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

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卒

  1. Alternative form of 倅 (cuì)

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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卒

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. low-ranking soldier[1]
  2. servant
  3. end, finish
  4. suddenly
  5. die, pass away
  6. finally

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds


Kanji in this term
卒
そつ
Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

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Noun

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卒(そつ) • (sotsu) 

  1. low-ranking soldier
  2. Short for 卒業.
  3. Short for 卒族.
  4. Short for 卒去.

References

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  1. ^ “卒”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese 卒 (MC tswot, “soldier”).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

卒 (eumhun 군사 졸 (gunsa jol))

  1. hanja form? of 졸 (“soldier”)

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

Etymology 2

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From Middle Chinese 卒 (MC tswit, “finish”).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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卒 (eumhun 마칠 졸 (machil jol))

  1. hanja form? of 졸 (“to finish”)
  2. hanja form? of 졸 (“to pass away; to die”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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卒: Hán Nôm readings: tốt, chốt, tuất

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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