製

See also: 制

製	U+88FD, 製 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-88FD

← 裼
[U+88FC]

CJK Unified Ideographs

裾 →
[U+88FE]

Translingual

Han character

製 (Kangxi radical 145, 衣+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 竹弓卜竹女 (HNYHV), four-corner 2273₂, composition ⿱制衣)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1119, character 20
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34380
Dae Jaweon: page 1586, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3095, character 12
Unihan data for U+88FD

Chinese

trad.		製
simp.		制^*
alternative forms		制𧚳

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (制) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
制	*kjeds
淛	*kjeds
製	*kjeds
掣	kʰjeds, kʰjed
痸	*kʰjeds
猘	*kreds

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kjeds) : phonetic 制 (OC *kjeds, “to cut out; to make”) + semantic 衣 (“clothes”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhì (zhi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄓˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zai³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳ
Eastern Min (BUC): cié
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chè / chì

(Teochew, Peng'im): zi³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhì
  - Zhuyin: ㄓˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhìh
  - Wade–Giles: chih⁴
  - Yale: jr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyh
  - Palladius: чжи (čži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zai³
  - Yale: jai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: zei³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐi̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ
  - Hakka Romanization System: zii
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cié
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siɛ²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chè
  - Tâi-lô: tsè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zex
  - IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /t͡se²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡se⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡se¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chì
  - Tâi-lô: tsì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cix
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡si²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zi³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si²¹³/

Middle Chinese: tsyejH

Rime
Character	製
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	祭 (35)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	征例切
Baxter	tsyejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiᴇi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɛi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjæi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciaj^H/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiɛi^H/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭɛi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ɛi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zai³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tet-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kjeds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	製
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhì
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyej^H ›
Old Chinese	/*tet-s/
English	cut out (a garment)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	製
Reading #	1/1
No.	17379
Phonetic component	制
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	制
Old Chinese	/*kjeds/

Definitions

製

to make; to manufacture; to produce
製造／制造 ― zhìzào ― to manufacture

自製／自制 ― zìzhì ― to make by oneself

日本製商品／日本制商品 ― Rìběn zhì shāngpǐn ― goods manufactured in Japan
to cut out
縫製／缝制 ― féngzhì ― to sew; to make (clothes)

Compounds

乳製品 / 乳制品 (rǔzhìpǐn)
仿製 / 仿制 (fǎngzhì)
仿製品 / 仿制品 (fǎngzhìpǐn)
依法炮製 / 依法炮制
內製作 / 内制作
再製紙 / 再制纸
再製鹽 / 再制盐
半製品 / 半制品 (bànzhìpǐn)
印製 / 印制 (yìnzhì)
土製 / 土制 (tǔzhì)
壓製 / 压制 (yāzhì)
大製作 / 大制作
如法泡製 / 如法泡制
如法炮製 / 如法炮制 (rúfǎpáozhì)
御製 / 御制 (yùzhì)
打製 / 打制
承製 / 承制 (chéngzhì)
提製 / 提制
攝製 / 摄制 (shèzhì)
木製 / 木制 (mùzhì)
浸製 / 浸制
炮製 / 炮制 (páozhì)
烘製 / 烘制
照相製版 / 照相制版
煉製 / 炼制
熏製
特製 / 特制 (tèzhì)
玄製 / 玄制
生物製劑 / 生物制剂 (shēngwù zhìjì)
皮製品 / 皮制品
監製 / 监制 (jiānzhì)
石製 / 石制
研製 / 研制 (yánzhì)
禁製品 / 禁制品 (jìnzhìpǐn)
粗製 / 粗制
粗製品 / 粗制品
粗製濫造 / 粗制滥造 (cūzhìlànzào)
精製 / 精制 (jīngzhì)
統計製圖 / 统计制图
編製 / 编制 (biānzhì)
縫製 / 缝制 (féngzhì)
繪製 / 绘制 (huìzhì)
自製 / 自制 (zìzhì)
裁製 / 裁制 (cáizhì)
製件 / 制件 (zhìjiàn)
製作 / 制作 (zhìzuò)
製作人 / 制作人 (zhìzuòrén)
製備 / 制备 (zhìbèi)
製品 / 制品 (zhìpǐn)
製圖 / 制图 (zhìtú)
製圖尺 / 制图尺
製圖板 / 制图板
製圖桌 / 制图桌
製坯 / 制坯
製定 / 制定 (zhìdìng)
製成 / 制成 (zhìchéng)
製材 / 制材
製法 / 制法 (zhìfǎ)
製片 / 制片
製版 / 制版 (zhìbǎn)
製藥 / 制药 (zhìyào)
製造 / 制造 (zhìzào)
製造品 / 制造品
製造商 / 制造商 (zhìzàoshāng)
製造業 / 制造业 (zhìzàoyè)
複製 / 复制 (fùzhì)
複製品 / 复制品 (fùzhìpǐn)
訂製 / 订制 (dìngzhì)
調製 / 调制 (tiáozhì)
趕製 / 赶制
軋製 / 轧制
配製 / 配制 (pèizhì)
醃製 / 腌制 (yānzhì)
釀製 / 酿制 (niàngzhì)
錦囊佳製 / 锦囊佳制
錄製 / 录制 (lùzhì)
陶土製品 / 陶土制品
音像製品 / 音像制品
體製 / 体制

Japanese

Kanji

製

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Go-on: せ (se)
Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
Kun: たつ (tatsu, 製つ)、つくる (tsukuru, 製る)

Compounds

自家製(じかせい) (jikasei): home-made
製作(せいさく) (seisaku): manufacture, production
製造(せいぞう) (seizō): manufacturing
製品(せいひん) (seihin): product, manufactured good
石製(せきせい) (sekisei): stonen
銅製(どうせい) (dōsei): coppern
和製(わせい) (wasei): Japanese-made

Kanji in this term
製
せい Grade: 5
on'yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 製 / 制 (tsyej^H).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) せー [séꜜè] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [se̞ː]

Noun

製(せい) • (sei)

make

Suffix

製(せい) • (-sei)

-made
日本(にほん)製(せい)
Nihon-sei
made in Japan
made of
木(もく)製(せい)
mokusei
made of wood, wooden

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

製 (eumhun 지을 제 (jieul je))

hanja form^? of 제 (“build; make”)

Compounds

제작 (製作, jejak, “production”)
제조 (製造, jejo, “manufacturing”)
제과점 (製菓店, jegwajeom, “bakery”)
제빵 (製-, jeppang, “baking”)
제빵사 (製-師, jeppangsa, “baker”)
제빵기 (製-師, jeppanggi, “breadmaker”)
특제 (特製, teukje, “specially made”)

Vietnamese

Han character

製: Hán Nôm readings: chế, chẽ

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[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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