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忍

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
忍 U+5FCD, 忍
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FCD
← 忌
[U+5FCC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 忎 →
[U+5FCE]
忍 U+2F89D, 忍
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F89D
← 徚
[U+2F89C] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 志 →
[U+2F89E]

Translingual

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Traditional 忍
Simplified 忍
Japanese 忍
Korean 忍

Han character

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忍 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 尸戈心 (SIP), four-corner 17332, composition ⿱刃心)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 376, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10312
  • Dae Jaweon: page 702, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2271, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5FCD

Chinese

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trad. 忍
simp. # 忍

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (刃) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
涊 *nɯːnʔ, *njɯnʔ
紉 *nɯn
忍 *njɯnʔ
荵 *njɯnʔ
刃 *njɯns
認 *njɯns, *njɯŋs
仞 *njɯns
軔 *njɯns
韌 *njɯns
肕 *njɯns
牣 *njɯns
杒 *njɯns
訒 *njɯns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *njɯnʔ) : phonetic 刃 (OC *njɯns, “blade”) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Etymology

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“to bear, to endure, to suffer”
From Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan ཉན་པ (nyan pa, “to be able”) (Schuessler (2007)). See also perhaps 能 (OC *nɯː, *nɯːs, *nɯːŋ, *nɯːŋʔ, “able, capable”).
“cruel”
From Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan གཉན་པ (gnyan pa, “cruel, fierce, severe”) (ibid.).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • ṳ̄ng - literary;
  • nūng - vernacular.
Note:
  • zing3 - literary;
  • nong3/nuong3 - vernacular.
Note:
  • lím/jím - literary;
  • lún - vernacular.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: lung2 / nung2 / rim2 / rêng2 / ring2
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lúng / núng / jím / jéng / jíng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /luŋ⁵²/, /nuŋ⁵²/, /d͡zim⁵²/, /d͡zeŋ⁵²/, /d͡ziŋ⁵²/
Note:
  • lung2 - vernacular (Chaozhou);
  • nung2 - vernacular (Jieyang);
  • rim2 - literary (Chaozhou);
  • rêng2 - literary (Jieyang);
  • ring2 - literary (Chenghai, Chaoyang).
Note:
  • 3nyin - colloquial;
  • 3zen - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 忍
Mandarin Beijing /ʐən²¹⁴/
Harbin /ʐən²¹³/
Tianjin /in¹³/
/ʐən¹³/
Jinan /ʐẽ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /iə̃⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʐən⁵³/
Xi'an /ʐẽ⁵³/
Xining /ʐə̃⁵³/
Yinchuan /ʐəŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʐə̃n⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /ʐɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /nən⁴²/
Chengdu /zən⁵³/
Guiyang /zen⁴²/
Kunming /ʐə̃⁵³/
Nanjing /ʐən²¹²/
Hefei /ʐən²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /zəŋ⁵³/
Pingyao /ʐəŋ⁵³/
Hohhot /ʐə̃ŋ⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /ȵiŋ²³/
/zəŋ²³/
Suzhou /zən³¹/
Hangzhou /zen¹³/
Wenzhou /ȵaŋ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /niʌ̃³⁵/
Tunxi /ȵin²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ʐən⁴¹/
Xiangtan /in⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /ȵɨn²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /ŋiun⁴⁴/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /jɐn³⁵/
Nanning /jɐn²⁴/
Hong Kong /jɐn³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lim⁵³/
/lun⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /yŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /neiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /zim⁵³/
/luŋ⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zin²¹³/
/zun²¹³/
/nun²¹³/
Rime
Character 忍
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 而軫切
Baxter nyinX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ȵiɪnX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ȵinX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȵʑjenX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ȵinX/
Li
Rong 		/ȵiĕnX/
Wang
Li 		/ȵʑĭĕnX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ȵʑi̯ĕnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		rěn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jan5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 忍 忍
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		rěn rěn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ nyinX › ‹ nyinX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*nə[n]ʔ/ /*nə[n]ʔ/
English cruel endure

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 忍
Reading # 1/1
No. 10828
Phonetic
component 		刃
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		忍
Old
Chinese 		/*njɯnʔ/

Definitions

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忍

  1. to endure; to bear; to suffer
  2. to forbear
    忍笑  ―  rěn xiào  ―  to stifle a laugh
    忍著眼淚／忍着眼泪  ―  rěn zhe yǎnlèi  ―  to hold back tears
  3. to have the heart to; to be hardhearted enough to
  4. (literary) cruel; callous

Synonyms

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  • (to endure):
  • (to have the heart to): 忍心 (rěnxīn)
  • (cruel):

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • → Vietnamese: nhịn

References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai 忍
Kyūjitai
[1]
忍󠄁
忍+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
忍󠄄
忍+&#xE0104;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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忍

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. patience, endurance, stamina.

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
忍
しの(ぶ)
Grade: S
kun'yomi
 シノブ on Japanese Wikipedia

Noun

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忍(しのぶ) or 忍(シノブ) • (shinobu) 

  1. squirrel's foot fern, Davallia mariesii
    Synonym: 忍草 (shinobu-gusa)

Usage notes

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As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).

Proper noun

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忍(しのぶ) • (Shinobu) 

  1. a unisex given name
  2. a surname

References

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  1. ^ “忍”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

忍 (eumhun 참다 인 (chamda in))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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忍: Hán Nôm readings: nhẫn, nhịn, những, nhẩn, nhẵn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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