李
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]李 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 木弓木 (DND), four-corner 40407, composition ⿱木子)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 511, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14459
- Dae Jaweon: page 895, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1162, character 8
- Unihan data for U+674E
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 李 | |
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simp. # | 李 | |
alternative forms | 杍 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 李 | |||
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Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Oracle bone script: Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *rɯʔ) : phonetic 來 (OC *m·rɯːɡ, “wheat”) + semantic 子. The phonetic part 來 became gradually corrupted to yield 木 (“tree”).
Shuowen erroneously remarks that this is a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *rɯʔ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 子 (OC *ʔslɯʔ).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ni3
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): lī
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): lǐ
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ли (li, II)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): li3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): li2
- Northern Min (KCR): sā̤ / lǐ
- Eastern Min (BUC): lī
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): li3
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6li
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): li3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lǐ
- Wade–Giles: li3
- Yale: lǐ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lii
- Palladius: ли (li)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ni3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: li
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni⁵³/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: lī
- Sinological IPA (key): /li⁵⁵/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: lǐ
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): li3
- Sinological IPA (key): /li¹¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ли (li, II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: lei5 / lei5-2
- Yale: léih / léi
- Cantonese Pinyin: lei5 / lei5-2
- Guangdong Romanization: léi5 / léi5-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /lei̯¹³/, /lei̯¹³⁻³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lei2
- Sinological IPA (key): /lei⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: li3
- Sinological IPA (key): /li²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lí
- Hakka Romanization System: liˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: li3
- Sinological IPA: /li³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: liˊ
- Sinological IPA: /li²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: li2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /li⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sā̤ / lǐ
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɛ⁵⁵/, /li²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- sā̤ - vernacular (plum);
- lǐ - literary (surname).
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: lī
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃i³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: li3
- Sinological IPA (key): /li⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: li3
- Sinological IPA (key): /li³³²/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: li3
- Sinological IPA (key): /li⁴¹/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: liX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.rəʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*rɯʔ/
Definitions
[edit]李
- plum (tree and fruit)
- † Alternative form of 理 (lǐ, “judge; justice”)
- a surname, listed fourth in the Baijiaxing
- 李白 ― Lǐ Bái ― Li Bai (Li Bo) (Tang dynasty poet)
- 李連杰/李连杰 [Cantonese] ― lei5 lin4 git6 [Jyutping] ― Jet Li (Li Lianjie or Li Yangzhong)
Usage notes
[edit]In mainland China and among its expatriates, this surname is generally romanized as "Li" in accordance with the Hanyu Pinyin system. Although an identical transliteration is used in Wade-Giles, similarity in pronunciation to the English surname makes the romanization "Lee" more common in Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan and elsewhere. A notable example of this is Bruce Lee.
Synonyms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 僵李代桃
- 公門桃李 / 公门桃李
- 凡桃俗李
- 呼張喚李 / 呼张唤李
- 夭桃穠李 / 夭桃秾李
- 夭桃襛李 / 夭桃𰳺李
- 小李
- 張三李四 / 张三李四 (zhāngsān-lǐsì)
- 張冠李戴 / 张冠李戴 (zhāngguānlǐdài)
- 張王李趙 / 张王李赵 (Zhāng-Wáng-Lǐ-Zhào)
- 投桃報李 / 投桃报李 (tóutáobàolǐ)
- 方桃譬李
- 李下
- 李下無蹊 / 李下无蹊
- 李下瓜田 (lǐxiàguātián)
- 李代桃僵 (lǐdàitáojiāng)
- 李劉馬夏 / 李刘马夏
- 李唐 (Lǐtáng)
- 李埠 (Lǐbù)
- 李子 (lǐzi)
- 李家河 (Lǐjiāhé)
- 李富莊 / 李富庄 (Lǐfùzhuāng)
- 李寨 (Lǐzhài)
- 李店 (Lǐdiàn)
- 李廟 / 李庙 (Lǐmiào)
- 李廣射虎 / 李广射虎
- 李廣難封 / 李广难封
- 李思訓碑 / 李思训碑
- 李杜 (Lǐ-Dù)
- 李榨 (Lǐzhà)
- 李樓 / 李楼 (Lǐlóu)
- 李灘 / 李滩 (Lǐtān)
- 李灣 / 李湾 (Lǐwān)
- 李爾王 / 李尔王
- 李耳
- 李膺門 / 李膺门
- 李郭同舟
- 李集 (Lǐjí)
- 李靖
- 桃來李答 / 桃来李答
- 桃李 (táolǐ)
- 桃李之教
- 桃李滿門 / 桃李满门 (táolǐmǎnmén)
- 桃李爭妍 / 桃李争妍
- 桃李爭輝 / 桃李争辉
- 桃李門牆 / 桃李门墙
- 檇李 / 槜李
- 歐李 / 欧李
- 正冠李下
- 比張比李 / 比张比李
- 沉李浮瓜
- 浮瓜沉李
- 濃桃豔李 / 浓桃艳李
- 牛李黨爭 / 牛李党争
- 瓜李之嫌
- 瓜田李下 (guātiánlǐxià)
- 色豔桃李 / 色艳桃李
- 苦李
- 華李 / 华李 (Huálǐ)
- 行李 (xínglǐ)
- 行李箱 (xínglǐxiāng)
- 行李袋
- 西李灣 / 西李湾 (Xīlǐwān)
- 豔如桃李 / 艳如桃李
- 賣李鑽核 / 卖李钻核
- 趙李橋 / 赵李桥 (Zhàolǐqiáo)
- 道傍李
- 道傍苦李
- 郁李 (yùlǐ)
- 鐵拐李 / 铁拐李
- 門牆桃李 / 门墙桃李
- 魏李 (Wèilǐ)
References
[edit]- “李”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “Entry #3231”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 行李 (kōri)
Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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李 |
Jinmeiyō |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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酸桃 |
Compound of 酸 (su, “vinegar; sour”) + 桃 (momo, “peach”).[1][2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as スモモ.
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Middle Chinese 李 (MC liX).
Pronunciation
[edit]Affix
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]- Japanese reading of the Chinese or Korean surname
- Japanese reading of the Chinese surname
- Japanese reading of the South Korean surname
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Entry at Nihon Jiten (in Japanese)
- Entry at Gogen Allguide (in Japanese)
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 李 (MC liX).
- Recorded as Middle Korean 링〯 (Yale: lǐ) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Middle Korean 니〯 (nǐ) (Yale: nǐ) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (initial position)
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [i(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [이(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
- (non-initial position)
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɾi]
- Phonetic hangul: [리]
Hanja
[edit]李 (eumhun 오얏나무 리 (oyannamu ri), word-initial (South Korea) 오얏나무 이 (oyannamu i))
- hanja form? of [[리/이#Korean:_李|리/이]] (“Lee, the second most common Korean surname.”)
- (literary) hanja form? of [[리/이#Korean:_李|리/이]] (“plum tree”)
Usage notes
[edit]This hanja is spelled 이 (i) in South Korea due to 두음 법칙 (頭音法則, dueum beopchik).
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- Chữ Hán form of Lý (“a surname from Chinese.”).
- 李公蘊 ― Lý Công Uẩn
- a unisex given name
References
[edit]- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- CJK Compatibility Ideographs block
- Unspecified script characters
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- Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation
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- Eastern Min hanzi
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- zh:Prunus genus plants
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