梨
Appearance
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]梨 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹弓木 (HND) or 難竹弓木 (XHND), four-corner 22904, composition ⿱利木)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 530, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14873
- Dae Jaweon: page 918, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1215, character 10
- Unihan data for U+68A8
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 梨 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 梨 | |
alternative forms | 棃 梸 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 梨 | |
---|---|
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ril) : phonetic 利 (OC *rids) + semantic 木.
Etymology
[edit]Unknown. Also found in Proto-Hmong-Mien *rəj; folk etymology derives this from 利 (OC *rids, “sharp”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ni2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ли (li, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): li4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): li1
- Northern Min (KCR): lî
- Eastern Min (BUC): lì / lài
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): lai2 / li2
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): li4
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6li
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): li2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lí
- Wade–Giles: li2
- Yale: lí
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: li
- Palladius: ли (li)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ni2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: li
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ли (li, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: lei4 / lei4-2
- Yale: lèih / léi
- Cantonese Pinyin: lei4 / lei4-2
- Guangdong Romanization: léi4 / léi4-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /lei̯²¹/, /lei̯²¹⁻³⁵/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- Jyutping++: ngai4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋɐi²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: li4
- Sinological IPA (key): /li³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lì
- Hakka Romanization System: liˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: li2
- Sinological IPA: /li¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: li
- Sinological IPA: /li⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: li1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /li¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lî
- Sinological IPA (key): /li³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: lì / lài
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃i⁵³/, /l̃ai⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- lì - “pear”;
- lài - used in 黃梨.
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: lai2
- Sinological IPA (key): /lai¹³/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: li2
- Sinological IPA (key): /li¹³/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
Note:
- lai2 - vernacular;
- li2 - literary.
- Southern Min
Note:
- lâi - vernacular;
- lê - literary.
Note:
- lai5 - vernacular;
- li5 - literary.
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Jyutping++: li4
- Sinological IPA (key): /li²¹/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: li2
- Sinological IPA (key): /li¹³/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: lij
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.r[ə][j]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ril/
Definitions
[edit]梨
Synonyms
[edit]Dialectal synonyms of 梨 (“pear”) [map]
Compounds
[edit]- 不查梨
- 不賣查梨 / 不卖查梨
- 乳梨
- 交梨火棗 / 交梨火枣
- 伽梨
- 僧伽梨
- 僧迦梨
- 冰梨
- 凍梨 / 冻梨
- 剖梨
- 合梨
- 含消梨
- 哀家梨
- 哀梨
- 因提梨
- 地梨
- 士多啤梨 (shìduōpílí)
- 孔融讓梨 / 孔融让梨
- 山梨 (shānlí)
- 御梨
- 推梨讓棗 / 推梨让枣
- 杜梨 (dùlí)
- 杏雨梨雲 / 杏雨梨云
- 查梨
- 查梨相
- 桑梨
- 梨乾 / 梨干
- 梨乾兒 / 梨干儿
- 梨元
- 梨圈
- 梨園 / 梨园 (líyuán)
- 梨園子弟 / 梨园子弟 (Líyuán zǐdì)
- 梨園弟子 / 梨园弟子
- 梨園戲 / 梨园戏 (líyuánxì)
- 梨園榜 / 梨园榜
- 梨園行 / 梨园行
- 梨子 (lízi)
- 梨山 (Líshān)
- 梨庶
- 梨木
- 梨板
- 梨果 (líguǒ)
- 梨栗
- 梨栗兒 / 梨栗儿
- 梨條 / 梨条
- 梨棗 / 梨枣
- 梨樹 / 梨树 (líshù)
- 梨氓
- 梨渦 / 梨涡 (líwō)
- 梨狗
- 梨眉艾髮 / 梨眉艾发
- 梨窩 / 梨窝
- 梨筒
- 梨糕
- 梨肉
- 梨膏
- 梨膏糖 (lígāotáng)
- 梨花 (líhuā)
- 梨花凍 / 梨花冻
- 梨花夢 / 梨花梦
- 梨花大鼓
- 梨花帶雨 / 梨花带雨 (líhuādàiyǔ)
- 梨花春
- 梨花月
- 梨花板
- 梨花槍 / 梨花枪
- 梨花片
- 梨花盞 / 梨花盏
- 梨花簡 / 梨花简
- 梨花粉
- 梨花蜜
- 梨花釀 / 梨花酿
- 梨花雨
- 梨花雲 / 梨花云
- 梨花香
- 梨花鼓
- 梨英
- 梨萌
- 梨蓋 / 梨盖
- 梨蕊
- 梨雪
- 梨雲 / 梨云
- 梨雲夢 / 梨云梦
- 梨霜
- 梨面
- 梨頭 / 梨头
- 梨頰 / 梨颊
- 梨頰微渦 / 梨颊微涡
- 梨顆 / 梨颗
- 梨飣坐 / 梨饤坐
- 棗梨 / 枣梨
- 棠梨
- 棠梨宫
- 棠梨宮 / 棠梨宫
- 棠梨館 / 棠梨馆
- 楓梨 / 枫梨 (fēnglí)
- 楞梨
- 樊梨花
- 水梨 (shuǐlí)
- 沙梨 (shālí)
- 消梨
- 消梨花
- 海棠梨
- 災梨 / 灾梨
- 災梨禍棗 / 灾梨祸枣
- 蒸梨
- 狐梨
- 獼猴梨 / 猕猴梨
- 玉嬌梨 / 玉娇梨
- 疾梨
- 白梨
- 破麥破梨 / 破麦破梨
- 禍棗災梨 / 祸枣灾梨
- 紅梨記 / 红梨记
- 胡梨
- 臘梨 / 腊梨
- 花梨
- 蛤梨
- 訶梨 / 诃梨
- 訶梨勒 / 诃梨勒
- 訶梨子 / 诃梨子
- 訶梨怛雞 / 诃梨怛鸡
- 語兒梨 / 语儿梨
- 讓梨 / 让梨 (rànglí)
- 讓棗推梨 / 让枣推梨
- 賣查梨 / 卖查梨
- 賣楂梨 / 卖楂梨
- 迦梨迦
- 迦梨郊
- 鄭州梨 / 郑州梨
- 酪梨 (làolí)
- 釘坐梨 / 钉坐梨
- 釘座梨 / 钉座梨
- 鐵腳梨 / 铁脚梨
- 闍梨 / 阇梨
- 阿梨
- 阿梨姨
- 阿闍梨 / 阿阇梨 (āshélí)
- 雨打梨花
- 雪梨 (xuělí)
- 霜梨
- 頗梨 / 颇梨
- 食蛤梨
- 飣坐梨 / 饤坐梨
- 飣座梨 / 饤座梨
- 香梨 (xiānglí)
- 香水梨
- 高接梨 (gāojiēlí)
- 鳥梨 / 鸟梨
- 鳳栖梨
- 鳳梨 / 凤梨 (fènglí)
- 鳳棲梨 / 凤栖梨
- 鴨兒廣梨 / 鸭儿广梨
- 鴨兒梨 / 鸭儿梨
- 鴨梨 / 鸭梨 (yālí)
- 鵝梨 / 鹅梨
- 鵝梨角兒 / 鹅梨角儿
- 鹿梨
- 麵梨 / 面梨
- 黃梨 / 黄梨 (huánglí)
- 鼠梨
- 齧梨 / 啮梨
Descendants
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]梨
Readings
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
梨 |
なし Grade: 4 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese, attested already in the Man'yōshū.[1] Further derivation unclear.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- a pear tree
- a pear (the fruit)
- more specifically, a Japanese pear or Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia)
Usage notes
[edit]- As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ナシ.
Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
- 梨河豚 (nashifugu): pear puffer (Gastrophysus vermicularis, syn. Takifugu vermicularis)
- 梨子地 (nashiji), 梨地 (nashiji): nashiji, a lacquering technique using gold or silver powder or flakes
- 青梨 (ao nashi): Harbin pear, Ussurian pear, Chinese pear (Pyrus ussuriensis var. hondoensis)
- 玄圃梨 (kenpo nashi): Japanese raisin tree (Hovenia dulcis)
- 猿梨 (saru nashi): hardy kiwi, kiwi berry or tara vine (Actinidia arguta)
- 西洋梨 (seiyō nashi): European or Western pear (Pyrus communis)
- 浜梨 (hama nashi): rugosa rose, Japanese rose, or Ramanas rose (Rosa rugosa)
- 山梨 (yama nashi): wild nashi or wild Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia var. pyrifolia)
- 山梨県 (Yamanashi-ken): Yamanashi prefecture
- 洋梨 (yōnashi): European or Western pear (Pyrus communis)
- 鰐梨 (wani nashi): avocado or alligator pear (Persea americana)
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
梨 |
り Grade: 4 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 梨 (MC lij). Compare modern Mandarin 梨 (lí).
Pronunciation
[edit]Affix
[edit]- a pear tree
- a pear (the fruit)
- more specifically, a Japanese pear or Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia)
Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]梨 (eumhun 배나무 리 (baenamu ri), word-initial (South Korea) 배나무 이 (baenamu i))
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]Categories:
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- CJK Compatibility Ideographs block
- Unspecified script characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Chinese terms with unknown etymologies
- Cantonese terms with audio pronunciation
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Dungan lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Jin lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Leizhou Min lemmas
- Puxian Min lemmas
- Southern Pinghua lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Xiang lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Sichuanese hanzi
- Dungan hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Gan hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
- Jin hanzi
- Northern Min hanzi
- Eastern Min hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
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- Southern Pinghua hanzi
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- Middle Chinese hanzi
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- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Sichuanese nouns
- Dungan nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Gan nouns
- Hakka nouns
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- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
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- Southern Pinghua nouns
- Wu nouns
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- Middle Chinese nouns
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- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Sichuanese verbs
- Dungan verbs
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- Wu verbs
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- Middle Chinese verbs
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- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 梨
- Chinese nouns classified by 個/个
- Chinese nouns classified by 隻/只
- Chinese terms with obsolete senses
- Elementary Mandarin
- zh:Fruits
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese fourth grade kanji
- Japanese kyōiku kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading り
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading り
- Japanese kanji with kun reading なし
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading か
- Japanese terms spelled with 梨 read as なし
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms with unknown etymologies
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 梨
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms spelled with 梨 read as り
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese affixes
- ja:Fruits
- ja:Trees
- ja:Pome fruits
- Korean lemmas
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