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From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
U+5229, 利
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5229

[U+5228]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+522A]
U+F9DD, 利
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9DD

[U+F9DC]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F9DE]

Translingual

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Stroke order
7 strokes

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 18, +5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 竹木中弓 (HDLN), four-corner 22900, composition )

Derived characters

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Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 138, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1932
  • Dae Jaweon: page 313, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 329, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+5229

Chinese

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simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : (grain) + (knife) – to reap grain () with a knife (). See also the variant 𥝢, which appears on top of the character .

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ri:t (to reap, scrape, shave, cut, sever) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007); cognate to Mizo rîit (to scrap with a hoe), Western Gurung [script needed] (wriqba, to scratch), Burmese ရိတ် (rit, to cut, reap, mow shave).

Pronunciation 1

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Note: lei6-2 - in 貴利贵利 and as the second syllable in two-character business names.
Note: lê - sense “sharp” only.
Note:
  • lai5 - vernacular;
  • li4 - literary.
Note:
  • lāi - vernacular;
  • lī - literary.
Note:
  • lai7 - vernacular;
  • li6 - literary.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: lai1 / li7
      • Sinological IPA: /lai³⁵/, /li⁵⁵/
Note:
  • lai1 - vernacular;
  • li7 - literary.
Note:
  • li5 - vernacular;
  • li4 - literary.

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (37)
    Final () (15)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter lijH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /liɪH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /liH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ljɪH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /liH/
    Li
    Rong
    /liH/
    Wang
    Li
    /liH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren
    /liH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    lei6
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ lijH ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*C.ri[t]-s/
    English sharp; profit

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 7898
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*rids/

    Definitions

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    1. benefit; advantage
    2. profit
      多銷多销  ―  duōxiāo  ―  small profits but quick returns
    3. (finance) interest
        ―  gāodài  ―  usury; high-interest loan
    4. to benefit; to be beneficial to
    5. favourable; successful
    6. sharp; sharp-edge
    7. a surname
      [Cantonese]  ―  lei6 hei1 san6 [Jyutping]  ―  Lee Hysan (Hong Kong opium merchant)

    Synonyms

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    Descendants

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    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: () (ri)
    • Korean: /(利) (ri/i)
    • Vietnamese: lợi ()

    Others:

    Pronunciation 2

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    Definitions

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    1. Used in 利市 (“red packets”).
    2. (Cantonese) Used in 老利 (lou5 lai6-2).

    Compounds

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    Further reading

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    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    (Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

    1. profit, benefit

    Readings

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    Compounds

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    Etymology

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    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 4
    on'yomi

    From Middle Chinese (MC lijH, “profit”).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    () (ri

    1. profit, benefit, advantage

    Antonyms

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    Verb

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    ()する (ri surusuru (stem () (ri shi), past ()した (ri shita))

    1. to benefit

    Conjugation

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    References

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    1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

    Korean

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    Etymology

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    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

    Pronunciation

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    Hanja

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    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun 이로울 (iroul ri), word-initial (South Korea) 이로울 (iroul i))

    1. hanja form? of (benefit)

    Compounds

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    Old Korean

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    Alternative forms

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    • (*-i) (gugyeol abbreviation)
    • (*-i)
    • (*-i) (semantically adapted phonogram, potential variant)

    Particle

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    (*-i)

    1. and (connecting particle for nouns)
      • mid-6th century, Wooden Tablet #221 from Seongsan Sanseong, Haman:
        人嗚
        many people [lit. people and people] lamented
      • c. 965, 均如 (Gyunyeo), “隨喜功德歌 (Suhuigongdeok-ga)”, in 均如傳 (Gyunyeo-jeon) [Works of Gyunyeo]:
        衆生毛叱所只
        so that there is no [more] "Buddha and the sentient beings"
      • 10th century, Interpretive jeomto gugyeol glosses to Volume 20 of the Jinbon Avatamsaka Sutra:
        一切諸佛菩薩
        Each and every Buddha and bodhisattva

    Usage notes

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    (*-i) was used to denote particularly intimate connections between nouns, compared to (*-kwa) which had a more general use. The particle was totally extinct by the fifteenth century, and has no known Middle Korean reflex.

    The sixth-century attestation given above is the reading of the tablet by linguist Lee Seungjae, who is the only person so far to have interpreted the text. It is possible that future interpreters will analyze differently.

    See also

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    • (*-kwa, and; with, comitative case marker)

    References

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    • 박진호 (Bak Jin-ho) (2007) “향가 해독과 국어 문법사 [Hyangga haedok-gwa gugeo munbeopsa, Hyangga interpretations and the history of Korean grammar]”, in Gugeohak, volume 51, pages 313–338
    • 이승재 (Lee Seungjae) (2017) 木簡에 기록된 古代 韓國語 [Mokgan-e girokdoen Godae Han'gugeo, The Old Korean Language Inscribed on Wooden Tablets)], Ilchogak, →ISBN

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    : Hán Việt readings: lợi[1][2][3]
    : Nôm readings: lời[1][2][3][4], lợi[1][2][3], rời[1][2], rơi[1], ráy[1], [3], rị, lệ

    1. chữ Hán form of lợi (profit).
    2. Nôm form of lời (profit; interest).

    References

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