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泥

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
泥 U+6CE5, 泥
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CE5
← 泤
[U+6CE4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 泦 →
[U+6CE6]
泥 U+F9E3, 泥
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9E3
← 梨
[U+F9E2] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 理 →
[U+F9E4]

Translingual

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Han character

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泥 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水尸心 (ESP), four-corner 37111, composition ⿰氵尼)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 617, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17311
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1012, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1595, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+6CE5

Chinese

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trad. 泥
simp. # 泥
alternative forms
坭
埿
𡊴
𡌰
𢇀
坭
埿
𡊴
𡌰
𢇀
𥩥
 

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 泥
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (尼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
泥 *niːl, *niːls
屔 *niːl
苨 *niːlʔ
坭 *niːlʔ
迡 *niːls
埿 *braːms, *niːl, *niːls
旎 *nilʔ
狔 *nilʔ
抳 *nilʔ
尼 *nil
呢 *nil
怩 *nil
柅 *nil, *nilʔ
蚭 *nil
跜 *nil
秜 *nil
痆 *rniːd
昵 *niɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *niːl, *niːls) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 尼 (OC *nil).

Etymology 1

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Schuessler (2007) suggests it is of Sino-Tibetan origin and compares it to Lai [script needed] (nôoy-I, nǒoy-II, “be muddy”), which STEDT derives from Proto-Kuki-Chin *nooy ~ *naay (“muddy; dirty”). According to Schuessler (2007), 泥 (OC *niːl, “mud”) is also cognate with 濘 (OC *neːŋs) but not with 涅 (OC *niːɡ), and is distinct from 泥 (OC *niːls, “impeded”).

On the other hand, STEDT compares 泥 (OC *niːl, *niːls) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-njak (“filth(y); excrement”), to which 敜 (OC *nɯːb) and 涅 (OC *niːɡ) are also compared.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • nài/nai/nai2 - colloquial;
  • nì/ni/ni2 - literary.
Note:
  • nî/lî - vernacular;
  • lê/nê - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 泥
Mandarin Beijing /ni³⁵/
Harbin /ni²⁴/
Tianjin /ni⁴⁵/
Jinan /ȵi⁴²/
Qingdao /ni⁴²/
/mi⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ni⁴²/
Xi'an /ni²⁴/
Xining /mji²⁴/
Yinchuan /mi⁵³/
/ni⁵³/
Lanzhou /ȵi⁵³/
Ürümqi /ȵi⁵¹/
Wuhan /ni²¹³/
Chengdu /ȵi³¹/
Guiyang /ni²¹/
Kunming /ni³¹/
Nanjing /li²⁴/
Hefei /mz̩⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ni¹¹/ ～皮
/ni⁴⁵/ ～匠
Pingyao /ȵi¹³/ ～牆牆
/ȵi³⁵/ ～匠
Hohhot /ni³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ȵi²³/
Suzhou /ȵi¹³/
Hangzhou /ȵi²¹³/
Wenzhou /ȵi³¹/
Hui Shexian /ni⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ȵie⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ȵi¹³/
Xiangtan /ȵi¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ȵi⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /nai¹¹/
/ni¹¹/
Taoyuan /nɑi¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /nɐi²¹/
Nanning /nɐi²¹/
Hong Kong /nɐi²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ne³⁵/
/ni³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /nɛ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ni²¹/
/nai³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /nĩ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ni³¹/
Rime
Character 泥
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 泥 (8)
Final (韻) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 奴低切
Baxter nej
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/nei/
Pan
Wuyun 		/nei/
Shao
Rongfen 		/nɛi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/nɛj/
Li
Rong 		/nei/
Wang
Li 		/niei/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/niei/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ní
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		nai4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 泥
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		ní
Middle
Chinese 		‹ nej ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.nˁ[əj]/
English mud

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 泥
Reading # 1/2
No. 9417
Phonetic
component 		尼
Rime
group 		脂
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		泥
Old
Chinese 		/*niːl/

Definitions

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泥

  1. mud (Classifier: 嚿 c; 坺 c)
    滿腳是泥／满脚是泥  ―  mǎn jiǎo shì ní  ―  mud all over one's feet
    軟泥／软泥  ―  ruǎnní  ―  soft mud
    泥娃娃  ―  níwáwá  ―  clay doll
  2. (dialectal) soil; earth
    一嚿泥 [Cantonese]  ―  jat1 gau6 nai4 [Jyutping]  ―  a clod of earth
  3. any mush-like substance
    薯泥  ―  shǔní  ―  mashed potato
    泥膠／泥胶  ―  níjiāo  ―  Blu-Tack
    鷹嘴豆泥／鹰嘴豆泥  ―  yīngzuǐdòuní  ―  hummus
  4. (obsolete) paint (used on walls)
  5. An ancient river in modern Hunan
  6. An ancient river in modern Gansu
  7. (obsolete) weak
  8. (Chinese mythology) a kind of animal that lived in sea
  9. a surname
  10. (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 泥 (MC nej)
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 泥 (“mud”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 塗, 泥
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 泥
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 泥, 泥巴, 泥巴兒
Taiwan 泥巴
Chifeng 泥, 泥巴
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 泥
Harbin 泥, 泥巴
Shenyang 泥
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 泥
Tangshan 泥
Baoding 泥, 泥巴
Shijiazhuang 泥
Jinan 泥巴, 泥
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 泥
Qingdao 泥
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 泥巴
Wanrong 泥
Zhengzhou 泥
Xi'an 泥
Xining 泥
Xuzhou 泥
Lanyin Mandarin Lanzhou 泥, 泥巴
Ürümqi 泥巴
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 泥巴
Chongqing 泥巴
Wuhan 泥巴
Guiyang 泥巴
Kunming 泥, 泥巴
Guilin 泥巴
Liuzhou 泥, 泥巴
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 泥, 泥巴
Yangzhou 泥, 泥巴, 爛泥
Nantong 泥, 爛泥
Hefei 泥巴
Cantonese Guangzhou 泥
Hong Kong 泥
Dongguan 泥
Yangjiang 泥
Gan Nanchang 泥巴
Lichuan 泥
Jianning 泥
Taining 泥
Hakka Meixian 泥
Pinghe (Jiufeng) 泥
Changting 泥
Shanghang 泥
Longyan (Yongding) 泥
Wuping 泥
Liancheng 泥
Ninghua 泥
Qingliu 泥
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 泥
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 泥
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 泥
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 泥沙
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 泥
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 泥
Huizhou Jixi 泥, 糊泥
Jin Taiyuan 泥
Xinzhou 泥
Linhe 泥
Jining 泥
Hohhot 泥
Zhangjiakou 泥
Handan 泥
Northern Min Jian'ou 泥
Songxi 泥
Zhenghe 泥
Jianyang 泥
Wuyishan 泥
Eastern Min Fuzhou 塗
Fuzhou (Changle) 塗
Lianjiang 塗
Fuqing 塗
Pingtan 塗
Yongtai 塗
Minqing 塗
Gutian 塗
Pingnan 塗
Luoyuan 塗
Fu'an 塗
Ningde 塗
Xiapu 塗
Zherong 塗
Shouning 塗
Zhouning 塗
Fuding 塗
Southern Min Xiamen 塗
Xiamen (Tong'an) 塗
Quanzhou 塗
Jinjiang 塗
Nan'an 塗
Shishi 塗
Hui'an 塗
Anxi 塗
Yongchun 塗
Dehua 塗
Zhangzhou 塗
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 塗
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 塗
Hua'an 塗
Nanjing 塗
Pinghe 塗
Zhangpu 塗
Yunxiao 塗
Zhao'an 塗
Dongshan 塗
Taipei 塗 GT
Kinmen 塗
Longyan 塗
Zhangping 塗
Datian 塗
Chaozhou 塗
Shantou 塗
Shantou (Chenghai) 塗
Jieyang 塗
Haifeng 塗
Leizhou 塗
Haikou 塗
Puxian Min Putian 塗
Xianyou 塗
Central Min Yong'an 泥
Sanming (Sanyuan) 泥
Sanming (Shaxian) 泥
Shaojiang Min Shaowu 泥
Guangze 泥
Jiangle 泥
Mingxi 泥
Shunchang 泥
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 泥
Wu Shanghai 爛泥, 爛糊泥
Suzhou 爛泥, 爛污泥
Danyang 泥, 爛泥
Hangzhou 泥巴, 爛污泥, 爛泥
Ningbo 爛污泥, 淖泥, 爛泥
Wenzhou 爛污泥, 爛污泥兒, 爛泥, 泥
Jinhua 泥, 糊泥
Pucheng 泥
Xiang Changsha 泥巴
Loudi 泥巴
Shuangfeng 泥巴
Hengyang 泥巴
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)
Dialectal synonyms of 土 (“earth; soil (dry)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 土
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 土
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 土
Harbin 土
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 土, 土拉
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 泥巴
Wuhan 泥巴
Guiyang 泥巴
Guilin 土
Liuzhou 泥, 泥巴
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 泥, 爛泥
Hefei 土
Cantonese Guangzhou 泥
Hong Kong 泥
Dongguan 泥
Yangjiang 泥
Beihai 泥
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 土
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 土
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 土, 泥
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 泥
Móng Cái 土, 泥
Gan Nanchang 泥巴, 土
Hakka Meixian 泥
Xingning 泥
Huidong (Daling) 泥
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 泥
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 泥
Changting 泥
Wuping 泥
Wuping (Pingyu) 泥
Liancheng 泥
Ruijin 泥, 那泥
Shicheng 泥
Shangyou (Shexi) 泥
Huizhou Jixi 糊泥
Jin Taiyuan 土
Xinzhou 土
Northern Min Jian'ou 泥
Songxi 泥
Zhenghe 泥
Jianyang 泥
Wuyishan 泥
Eastern Min Fuzhou 塗
Fuzhou (Changle) 塗
Lianjiang 塗
Fuqing 塗
Pingtan 塗
Yongtai 塗
Minqing 塗
Gutian 塗
Pingnan 塗
Luoyuan 塗
Fu'an 塗
Ningde 塗
Xiapu 塗
Zherong 塗
Shouning 塗
Zhouning 塗
Fuding 塗
Southern Min Xiamen 塗
Xiamen (Tong'an) 塗
Quanzhou 塗
Jinjiang 塗
Nan'an 塗
Shishi 塗
Hui'an 塗
Anxi 塗
Yongchun 塗
Dehua 塗
Zhangzhou 塗
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 塗
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 塗
Hua'an 塗
Nanjing 塗
Pinghe 塗
Zhangpu 塗
Yunxiao 塗
Zhao'an 塗
Dongshan 塗
Kinmen 塗
Manila (Hokkien) 塗
Longyan 塗
Zhangping 塗
Datian 塗
Chaozhou 塗
Shantou 塗
Shantou (Chenghai) 塗
Jieyang 塗
Leizhou 塗
Wenchang 塗
Haikou 塗
Puxian Min Putian 塗
Xianyou 塗
Central Min Yong'an 泥
Sanming (Sanyuan) 泥
Sanming (Shaxian) 泥
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 泥
Wu Shanghai 爛泥, 爛糊泥
Shanghai (Chongming) 爛泥
Suzhou 爛泥, 硬爛泥
Danyang 爛泥
Hangzhou 爛污泥
Ningbo 淖泥, 爛泥
Wenzhou 爛污泥, 爛污泥兒, 爛泥, 泥
Jinhua 糊泥, 泥
Xiang Changsha 泥巴
Xiangxiang 土
Shuangfeng 土

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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Schuessler (2007) suggests it is the exopassive derivation of 敜 (OC *nɯːb, “to stop up”) or 涅 (OC *niːɡ, “to stop up”) and is distinct from 泥 (OC *niːl, “mud”).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 泥
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 泥 (8)
Final (韻) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 奴計切
Baxter nejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/neiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/neiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/nɛiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/nɛjH/
Li
Rong 		/neiH/
Wang
Li 		/nieiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/nieiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		nì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		nai6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 泥
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		ní
Middle
Chinese 		‹ nejH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*nˁər(ʔ)-s/
English impeded, obstructed (Lunyu)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 泥
Reading # 2/2
No. 9421
Phonetic
component 		尼
Rime
group 		脂
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		泥
Old
Chinese 		/*niːls/

Definitions

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泥

  1. to hold up; to bog down
  2. to plaster; to cover with plaster
  3. stubborn; obstinate
    拘泥  ―  jūní  ―  to rigidly adhere to
  4. to pester using soft words
  5. to be obsessed with and be reluctant to let go of

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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泥

  1. Only used in 泥泥.

Etymology 4

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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泥

  1. Only used in 泥母.

Etymology 5

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For pronunciation and definitions of 泥 – see 涅 (“black mud; melanterite; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 涅).

Etymology 6

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For pronunciation and definitions of 泥 – see 屔.
(This character is a variant form of 屔).

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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泥

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

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Etymology

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
Kanji in this term
泥
どろ
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Noun

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泥(どろ) • (doro) 

  1. mud
Derived terms
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Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 泥 (MC nej|nejH). Recorded as Middle Korean 니 (ni) (Yale: ni) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

泥 (eumhun 진흙 니 (jinheuk ni), word-initial (South Korea) 진흙 이 (jinheuk i))

  1. hanja form? of [[니/이#Korean:_泥|니/이]] (“mud; dirt”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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泥: Hán Nôm readings: nề, nê, nệ, nè, nể, nễ, nơi

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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