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From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:
U+9178, 酸
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9178

[U+9177]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9179]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 164, +7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 一田戈金水 (MWICE), four-corner 13647, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1283, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39871
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1783, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3585, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+9178

Chinese

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trad.
simp. #
2nd round simp.
alternative forms 𨢽

Glyph origin

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Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sloːn) : semantic + phonetic (OC *sʰlun).

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *suːr ~ *swaːr (sour; be acid) (STEDT). Cognate with Mizo thûr (acid; sour).

Pronunciation

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Note: lhon1* - “vinegar”.
Note:
  • soe1/syⁿ1 - vernacular;
  • suang1/suong1 - literary.
Note:
  • sng/suiⁿ - vernacular;
  • soan - literary.
Note:
  • sui1 - vernacular;
  • suang1 - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (16)
Final () (62)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter swan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/suɑn/
Pan
Wuyun
/sʷɑn/
Shao
Rongfen
/suɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/swan/
Li
Rong
/suɑn/
Wang
Li
/suɑn/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/suɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
suān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
syun1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
suān
Middle
Chinese
‹ swan ›
Old
Chinese
/*[s]ˁor/
English sour

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 16434
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*sloːn/

Definitions

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  1. sour; tart
    葡萄  ―  suānpútáo  ―  sour grapes
  2. (chemistry) acid [from late 19th c.]
      ―  yánsuān  ―  hydrochloric acid
    Antonym:  / (jiǎn)
  3. (Siyi Yue, Fuqing Eastern Min) vinegar
  4. sick at heart; grieved; sad
  5. Alternative form of (suān, aching; sore; stiff)
  6. stingy; miserly
  7. narrow-minded; pedantic
  8. spoiled; rancid
  9. to satirize; to ridicule
  10. (Internet slang) jealous; envious [from 2019]
    See also: 吃不到的葡萄是酸的, sour grapes
    See also: , 吃醋
    alt. forms: 🍋
  11. a surname

Synonyms

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Compounds

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Descendants

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  • ? Proto-Hmong-Mien: *suj (sour)

See also

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Basic tastes in Chinese · 味道 (layout · text)
(tián) (suān)  / (xián) () 鮮味 / 鲜味 (xiānwèi)

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. sour
  2. (chemistry) acid

Readings

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  • Go-on: さん (san, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: さん (san, Jōyō)
  • Kun: すい (sui, 酸い, Jōyō)

Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
さん
Grade: 5
on'yomi
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

From Middle Chinese (suɑn).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(さん) (san

  1. sourness (quality or condition)
  2. (chemistry) acid

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term

Grade: 5
kun'yomi

Noun

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() (su

  1. Alternative spelling of (vinegar)

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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(san) (hangeul , revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: toan[1]

  1. (chemistry, biochemistry) acid

Derived terms

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References

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