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易

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 昜
易 U+6613, 易
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6613
← 昒
[U+6612] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 昔 →
[U+6614]
易 U+F9E0, 易
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9E0
← 履
[U+F9DF] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 李 →
[U+F9E1]

Translingual

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Stroke order
8 strokes

Han character

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易 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 日心竹竹 (APHH), four-corner 60227, composition ⿱日勿)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 492, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13814
  • Dae Jaweon: page 854, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1494, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6613

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 易
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (易) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
賜 *sleːɡs
儩 *sleɡs
舓 *ɦljeʔ
易 *leːɡs, *leɡ
敡 *leɡs
鬄 *sljeɡ
睗 *hljeɡ
晹 *hljeɡ
痬 *leɡ
蜴 *leɡ
埸 *leɡ
逷 *l̥ʰeːɡ
剔 *l̥ʰeːɡ
踢 *tʰeːɡ
惕 *l̥ʰeːɡ
錫 *sleːɡ
裼 *sleːɡ
緆 *sleːɡ

Oracle bone script and bronze inscriptions: a pictogram (象形) of a filled container, the original form of 賜 (OC *sleːɡs, “to confer, to bestow”). Possibly specialised from 益 (OC *qleɡ, “to increase, to add”). Perhaps borrowed phonetically to mean "easy".

The character is not the pictogram of a chameleon, as folk etymology says. Unrelated to 陽 since it doesn't represent the sun.

Etymology 1

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 易
2nd round simp. 𠃓

From 移 (OC *lal, “to change; to alter”) + k-extension (Schuessler, 2007). The meaning of "change, alter" is linked to "give, bestow" since something given by somebody to somebody else "changes" its owner.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • ih7 - literary;
  • ia5 - colloquial (only as a surname or when referring to 易經).
Note:
  • e̍k/ia̍k - literary;
  • ia̍h - colloquial (only as a surname or when referring to 易經).
Note:
  • êg8 - literary;
  • iah8 - colloquial (only as a surname or when referring to 易經).
Rime
Character 易
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 昔 (123)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 羊益切
Baxter yek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jiᴇk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jiɛk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/iæk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/jiajk̚/
Li
Rong 		/iɛk̚/
Wang
Li 		/jĭɛk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/i̯ɛk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jik6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 易
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ yek ›
Old
Chinese 		/*lek/
English change; exchange

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 易
Reading # 2/2
No. 15034
Phonetic
component 		易
Rime
group 		錫
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		繹
Old
Chinese 		/*leɡ/
Notes 甲文象斟酒，表易器而賜

Definitions

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易

  1. † Original form of 賜／赐 (cì, “to give; to bestow”).
  2. to exchange; to interchange
  3. to change; to alter; to modify
  4. Short for 易經／易经 (Yìjīng, “I Ching”).
  5. a surname

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • → Thai: แลก (lɛ̂ɛk)

Etymology 2

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 易

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lwa(ː)j (“easy”). Cognate with Burmese လွယ် (lwai, “easy”).

Pronunciation

[edit]
Rime
Character 易
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 支 (11)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 以豉切
Baxter yeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jiᴇH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jiɛH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/jɛH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/jiə̆H/
Li
Rong 		/ieH/
Wang
Li 		/jǐeH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ie̯H/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ji6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 易
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ yeH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*lek-s/
English easy

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 易
Reading # 1/2
No. 15029
Phonetic
component 		易
Rime
group 		賜
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		易
Old
Chinese 		/*leːɡs/

Definitions

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易

  1. easy; simple; not difficult
    Antonym: 難 / 难
  2. gentle; kind
  3. effortless; prone to
  4. easily; effortlessly
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 容易 (“easy”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 易2
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 容易
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 容易
Taiwan 容易
Singapore 容易
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 容易
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 容易
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 容易, 撇脫
Wuhan 容易, 撇脫, 撩撇
Guilin 容易
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 容易, 便當
Hefei 容易
Cantonese Guangzhou 容易, 易2
Hong Kong 容易, 易2
Yangjiang 易容
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 線能
Singapore (Guangfu) 易2
Gan Nanchang 容易
Hakka Meixian 容易
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 容易, 該
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 容易
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 容易, 該
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 容易, 該
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 容易, 該
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 快
Jin Taiyuan 容易
Northern Min Jian'ou 容易
Eastern Min Fuzhou 容易, 易3
Southern Min Xiamen 易3, 快便
Quanzhou 易3
Singapore (Hokkien) 易3
Manila (Hokkien) 易3
Chaozhou 易3
Singapore (Teochew) 易3
Wu Suzhou 便當
Wenzhou 便當, 便, 容易
Xiang Changsha 易得
Shuangfeng 易得, 容易

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • → Vietnamese: dễ

Etymology 3

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simp. and trad.
 易
alternative forms 噲／哙
慧

Possibly from 慧 (OC *ɡʷeːds) (Li Ru-long, 2002).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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易

  1. (Min) easy; not difficult
Synonyms
[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 容易 (“easy”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 易2
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 容易
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 容易
Taiwan 容易
Singapore 容易
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 容易
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 容易
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 容易, 撇脫
Wuhan 容易, 撇脫, 撩撇
Guilin 容易
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 容易, 便當
Hefei 容易
Cantonese Guangzhou 容易, 易2
Hong Kong 容易, 易2
Yangjiang 易容
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 線能
Singapore (Guangfu) 易2
Gan Nanchang 容易
Hakka Meixian 容易
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 容易, 該
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 容易
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 容易, 該
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 容易, 該
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 容易, 該
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 快
Jin Taiyuan 容易
Northern Min Jian'ou 容易
Eastern Min Fuzhou 容易, 易3
Southern Min Xiamen 易3, 快便
Quanzhou 易3
Singapore (Hokkien) 易3
Manila (Hokkien) 易3
Chaozhou 易3
Singapore (Teochew) 易3
Wu Suzhou 便當
Wenzhou 便當, 便, 容易
Xiang Changsha 易得
Shuangfeng 易得, 容易

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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易

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
易
えき
Grade: 5
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 易 (MC yek).

The kan'on, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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易(えき) • (eki) 

  1. divination; fortune-telling
Synonyms
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Proper noun

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易(えき) • (Eki) 

  1. Short for 易経 (Ekikyō, “I Ching (Chinese classic text)”).

Affix

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易(えき) • (eki) 

  1. exchange
  2. divination; fortune-telling

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
易
い
Grade: 5
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 易 (MC yeH).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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易(い) • (i) 

  1. something easy to do; easiness

Affix

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易(い) • (i) 

  1. easy; simple

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese 易 (MC yek).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 Recorded as Middle Korean 역〮 (Yale: yék) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 밧ᄭᅩᆯ〮 역 Recorded as Middle Korean 역 (yek) (Yale: yek) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575 밧골 역 Recorded as Middle Korean 역 (yek) (Yale: yek) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

易 (eumhun 바꿀 역 (bakkul yeok))

  1. hanja form? of 역 (“change; alteration; modification”)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 2

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From Middle Chinese 易 (MC yeH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 Recorded as Middle Korean 잉〮 (Yale: í?) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 쉬울 이[1] Recorded as Middle Korean 이 (i) (Yale: i) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
  1. ^ 去聲

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [i(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [이(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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易 (eumhun 쉬울 이 (swiul i))

  1. hanja form? of 이 (“easy”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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易: Hán Nôm readings: dịch, dể, dễ, di, diệc, dẻ, dẹ, dị, dịu, rẻ, rể

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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