冠
|
Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
Han character
[edit]冠 (Kangxi radical 14, 冖+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 月一山戈 (BMUI), four-corner 37214, composition ⿱冖㝴)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 130, character 23
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1580
- Dae Jaweon: page 292, character 27
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 303, character 18
- Unihan data for U+51A0
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
冠 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 𠖌 𭁺 𠙙 𠜍 𢃙 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 冠 | |
---|---|
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
冠 | *kŋoːn, *kŋoːns |
莞 | *kŋoːn, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋroːnʔ |
脘 | *ŋkoːnʔ |
筦 | *ŋkoːnʔ |
梡 | *ŋ̊ʰoːnʔ, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ |
岏 | *ŋoːn |
刓 | *ŋoːn |
园 | *ŋoːn |
忨 | *ŋoːn, *ŋoːns |
蚖 | *ŋoːn, *ŋon |
黿 | *ŋoːn, *ŋon |
抏 | *ŋoːn |
玩 | *ŋoːns |
貦 | *ŋoːns |
翫 | *ŋoːns |
妧 | *ŋoːns |
完 | *ɦŋoːn |
捖 | *ɦŋoːn |
垸 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːns |
綄 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ |
院 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋons |
皖 | *ɦŋoːnʔ, *ɦŋroːnʔ |
晥 | *ɦŋoːnʔ |
浣 | *ɦŋoːnʔ |
頑 | *ŋroːn, *ŋroːn |
睆 | *ɦŋroːnʔ |
鯇 | *ɦŋroːnʔ |
元 | *ŋon |
沅 | *ŋon |
芫 | *ŋon |
杬 | *ŋon |
邧 | *ŋon, *ŋonʔ |
阮 | *ŋon, *ŋonʔ |
俒 | *ɦŋuːn, *ɦŋuːns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kŋoːn, *kŋoːns) and ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : semantic 冖 (“hat”) + phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon, “head”) + semantic 寸 (“hand”) – a hand putting a hat on the head.
Earlier forms are phono-semantic (形聲 / 形声, OC *kŋoːn, *kŋoːns) : semantic 冃 (“hat”) + phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon).
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)wa-n (“to put on; to wear; to clothe”). Cognate with Tibetan བགོ (bgo, “to put on; to wear; clothing”), གོས (gos, “clothes; garments; dress”), གོན (gon), གྱོན (gyon, “to put on; to wear”), སྐོན (skon, “to dress; to clothe”).
Pronunciation 2 is the exopassive derivation of pronunciation 1, literally "(make someone to) be capped" (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gun1
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): guăng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1kuoe
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: guan
- Wade–Giles: kuan1
- Yale: gwān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guan
- Palladius: гуань (guanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku̯än⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gun1
- Yale: gūn
- Cantonese Pinyin: gun1
- Guangdong Romanization: gun1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuːn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kôn
- Hakka Romanization System: gonˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gon1
- Sinological IPA: /kon²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: guăng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuaŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- guang1 - Shantou;
- guêng1 - Chaozhou.
- Middle Chinese: kwan
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k.ʔ]ˤor/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kŋoːn/
Definitions
[edit]冠
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 不冠不帶 / 不冠不带
- 倒冠落佩
- 儒冠
- 優孟衣冠 / 优孟衣冠
- 免冠 (miǎnguān)
- 免冠解印
- 冠冕 (guānmiǎn)
- 冠冕堂皇 (guānmiǎntánghuáng)
- 冠冕衣裳
- 冠子
- 冠子蟲 / 冠子虫
- 冠履
- 冠履倒易
- 冠履倒置
- 冠履無爽 / 冠履无爽
- 冠帔
- 冠帶 / 冠带 (guāndài)
- 冠帶之國 / 冠带之国
- 冠帶官 / 冠带官
- 冠帶流傳 / 冠带流传
- 冠族
- 冠服 (guānfú)
- 冠毛
- 冠狀動脈 / 冠状动脉
- 冠狀動脈硬化症 / 冠状动脉硬化症
- 冠玉 (guānyù)
- 冠芽
- 冠蓋 / 冠盖
- 冠蓋如雲 / 冠盖如云
- 冠蓋相屬 / 冠盖相属
- 冠蓋相望 / 冠盖相望
- 冠蓋雲集 / 冠盖云集
- 冠蓋高舉 / 冠盖高举
- 冠道履仁
- 加冠 (jiāguān)
- 加冠進祿 / 加冠进禄
- 南冠 (nánguān)
- 南冠楚囚
- 南州冠冕
- 后冠 (hòuguān)
- 合瓣花冠
- 國冠 / 国冠
- 壺狀花冠 / 壶状花冠
- 天冠地屨 / 天冠地屦
- 女冠
- 峨冠
- 峨冠博帶 / 峨冠博带
- 巾冠
- 平天冠
- 張冠李戴 / 张冠李戴 (zhāngguānlǐdài)
- 彈冠 / 弹冠 (tánguān)
- 彈冠振衣 / 弹冠振衣
- 彈冠相慶 / 弹冠相庆 (tánguānxiāngqìng)
- 彈冠結綬 / 弹冠结绶
- 怒髮衝冠 / 怒发冲冠 (nùfàchōngguān)
- 披髮纓冠 / 披发缨冠
- 挂冠 (guàguān)
- 挂衣冠
- 掛冠 / 挂冠 (guàguān)
- 掛冠歸里 / 挂冠归里
- 掛冠而去 / 挂冠而去
- 新沐者必彈冠,新浴者必振衣 / 新沐者必弹冠,新浴者必振衣
- 月桂冠 (yuèguìguān)
- 木猴而冠
- 束帶頂冠 / 束带顶冠
- 束髮金冠 / 束发金冠 (shùfà jīnguān)
- 桂冠 (guìguān)
- 桂冠詩人 / 桂冠诗人
- 極冠 / 极冠
- 正冠李下
- 正冠納履 / 正冠纳履
- 水冠
- 沐猴衣冠
- 法冠
- 漏斗狀花冠
- 濯纓彈冠 / 濯缨弹冠
- 獬冠
- 獬豸冠
- 王冠 (wángguān)
- 王貢彈冠 / 王贡弹冠
- 瓜田不納履,李下不整冠 / 瓜田不纳履,李下不整冠 (guātián bù nà lǚ, lǐxià bù zhěng guān)
- 皇冠 (huángguān)
- 皮冠
- 紙冠 / 纸冠
- 素冠
- 紫金冠
- 縞冠 / 缟冠
- 纓冠 / 缨冠
- 罟罟冠
- 美如冠玉
- 羽冠
- 肉冠 (ròuguān)
- 花冠 (huāguān)
- 蟬冠 / 蝉冠 (chánguān)
- 衝冠 / 冲冠
- 衝冠髮怒 / 冲冠发怒
- 衣冠
- 衣冠不整
- 衣冠中人
- 衣冠優孟 / 衣冠优孟
- 衣冠冢 (yīguānzhǒng)
- 衣冠塚 / 衣冠冢 (yīguānzhǒng)
- 衣冠子女
- 衣冠文物
- 衣冠梟獍 / 衣冠枭獍 (yīguānxiāojìng)
- 衣冠楚楚 (yīguānchǔchǔ)
- 衣冠沐猴
- 衣冠濟楚 / 衣冠济楚
- 衣冠濟濟 / 衣冠济济
- 衣冠甚偉 / 衣冠甚伟
- 衣冠盛事
- 衣冠禮樂 / 衣冠礼乐
- 衣冠禽獸 / 衣冠禽兽 (yīguānqínshòu)
- 衣冠緒餘 / 衣冠绪余
- 衣冠藍縷 / 衣冠蓝缕
- 衣冠赫奕
- 衣冠輻湊 / 衣冠辐凑
- 衣冠雲集 / 衣冠云集
- 衣冠齊楚 / 衣冠齐楚
- 被髮纓冠 / 被发缨冠
- 裂冠毀冕 / 裂冠毁冕
- 角冠
- 豸冠
- 貂蟬冠 / 貂蝉冠
- 貢禹彈冠 / 贡禹弹冠
- 輻狀花冠 / 辐状花冠
- 通天冠
- 進賢冠 / 进贤冠
- 道冠兒 / 道冠儿
- 道袍竹冠
- 金冠 (jīnguān)
- 雞冠 / 鸡冠 (jīguān)
- 雞冠石 / 鸡冠石
- 雞冠花 / 鸡冠花 (jīguānhuā)
- 離瓣花冠 / 离瓣花冠
- 面如冠玉 (miàn rú guānyù)
- 馬冠 / 马冠
- 高冠博帶 / 高冠博带
- 高冠敞袖
- 髮上指冠 / 发上指冠
- 髮上衝冠 / 发上冲冠
- 髮踊衝冠 / 发踊冲冠
- 鳳冠 / 凤冠 (fèngguān)
- 鳳冠霞帔 / 凤冠霞帔
- 鵔鸃冠 / 𱉿𱉌冠
- 鶡冠 / 鹖冠
- 鶡冠子 / 鹖冠子
- 鷸冠 / 鹬冠 (yùguān)
- 鹿皮冠 (lùpíguān)
- 黃冠 / 黄冠
- 黑冠麻鷺 / 黑冠麻鹭 (hēiguān málù)
- 齒冠 / 齿冠 (chǐguān)
Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gun3
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): guáng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5kuoe
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: guàn
- Wade–Giles: kuan4
- Yale: gwàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guann
- Palladius: гуань (guanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku̯än⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gun3
- Yale: gun
- Cantonese Pinyin: gun3
- Guangdong Romanization: gun3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuːn³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kon
- Hakka Romanization System: gon
- Hagfa Pinyim: gon4
- Sinological IPA: /kon⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: guáng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuɑŋ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- guang3 - Shantou;
- guêng3 - Chaozhou.
- Middle Chinese: kwanH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*k.ʔˤor-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kŋoːns/
Definitions
[edit]冠
- (literary) to put on a hat; to wear a hat
- 沐猴而冠 ― mùhóu'érguàn ― a macaque wearing a hat
- (historical) ceremony marking a male's coming of age at 20
- 男子二十冠而字。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Nánzǐ èrshí guàn ér zì. [Pinyin]
- A son at twenty is capped, and receives his appellation.
- (historical, of a male) to reach adulthood
- to rank first; to excel; to surpass
- (literary) to cover
- to precede (e.g. with a title); to attach; to put on
- 冠夫姓 ― guàn fūxìng ― to add on one's husband's surname
- champion; winner; victor
- (linguistics) Short for 冠詞/冠词 (guàncí, “article”).
- a surname
Synonyms
[edit]- (ceremony marking a male's coming of age at 20): 元服 (yuánfú)
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- “冠”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00304
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)←くわん (kwan, historical)
- Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)←くわん (kwan, historical)
- Kun: かんむり (kanmuri, 冠, Jōyō)
- Nanori: かもり (kamori)、まさる (masaru)
Compounds
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 瓜田に履を納れず、李下に冠を正さず (kaden ni kutsu o irezu, rika ni kanmuri o tadasazu)
Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
冠 |
かがふり Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
/kaɡapuri/ → /kaɡafuri/
From Old Japanese.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]See also
[edit]- 位階 (ikai, “court rank”)
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
冠 |
かぶり Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
---|
被り 頭 |
Likely a shift from kagafuri above, ancient kagapuri. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- headdress, crown
- (theater) large attendance, full house
- Synonym: 大入り (ōiri)
- (archaic) order, rank
Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
冠 |
かむり Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
A shift from kaburi above. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- headdress, crown
- distance from the tunnel's roof to the surface directly above it
- (poetry) first (traditionally, five) morae of a haiku, etc.; specifically, the first verse or line of a poem
Etymology 4
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
冠 |
こうぶり Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
A shift from kagafuri above, ancient kagapuri.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 初冠 (uikōburi, “crowning a boy for the first time at a coming-of-age ceremony”)
Etymology 5
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
冠 |
かんむり Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
The modern spelling. A shift from kōburi above, historical kauburi.[1] Also encountered is kanburi.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Tokyo) かんむり [kàńmúrí] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- (Tokyo) かんむり [kàńmúꜜrì] (Nakadaka – [3])[1]
- IPA(key): [kã̠mːɯ̟ɾʲi]
Noun
[edit]- a crown (royal headdress)
- 1999 November 18, “冠を戴く蒼き翼 [Crowned Blue Wings]”, in Vol.6, Konami:
- 頭の毛が冠のように見える、青白く燃えるトリ。
- Atama no ke ga kanmuri no yō ni mieru, aojiroku moeru tori.
- A bluish fiery bird whose feathers on its head resemble a crown.
- 頭の毛が冠のように見える、青白く燃えるトリ。
- a type of traditional cap
- name; title; named sponsorship of a program, event, team, etc.
- the top radical of a kanji, such as 冖 as in 冠 itself
Compounds
[edit]- 冠海雀 (kanmuri-umisuzume, “Japanese murrelet (Synthliboramphus wumizusume)”)
- 冠鳰 (kanmuri-kaitsuburi, “great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus)”)
- 冠狐猿 (kanmuri-kitsunezaru, “crowned lemur (Eulemur coronatus)”)
- かんむり座 (Kanmuriza, “Corona Borealis)”)
- 冠鷲 (kanmuriwashi, “crested serpent eagle (Spilornis cheela)”)
- 初冠 (uikanmuri, “type of cap in Noh”)
- お冠, 御冠 (o-kanmuri, “bad temper, bad mood”)
- 麻冠 (asa-kanmuri, "hemp" radical)
- 穴冠 (ana-kanmuri, "hole" radical)
- 雨冠 (ama-kanmuri), 雨冠 (ame-kanmuri, "rain" radical)
- ウ冠 (u-kanmuri, katakana "u" radical)
- 老冠 (oi-kanmuri, "old" radical)
- 髪冠 (kami-kanmuri, "hair" radical)
- 草冠 (kusa-kanmuri, "grass" radical)
- 卦算冠 (keisan-kanmuri, "kettle lid" radical)
- 尸冠 (shikabane-kanmuri, "corpse" radical)
- 大冠 (dai-kanmuri, top "big" radical)
- 竹冠 (take-kanmuri, "bamboo" radical)
- 爪冠 (tsume-kanmuri, top "claw" radical)
- 戸冠 (to-kanmuri, "door" radical)
- 虎冠 (tora-kanmuri, "tiger" radical)
- 山冠 (yama-kanmuri, top "mountain" radical)
- ワ冠 (wa-kanmuri), 平冠 (hira-kanmuri), 冖冠 (beki-kanmuri, katakana "wa" radical)
Proper noun
[edit]- a female given name
- a surname
Etymology 6
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
冠 |
さか Grade: S |
irregular |
Clipping of 鶏冠 (tosaka). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Etymology 7
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
冠 |
かん Grade: S |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 冠 (MC kwan|kwanH).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 冠たる (kantaru, “best, unrivalled”)
Compounds
[edit]- 冠位 (kan'i)
- 冠水 (kansui, “being covered in water; being submerged or inundated”)
- 栄冠 (eikan, “laurels, garland”)
- 王冠 (ōkan, “crown”)
- 極冠 (kyokkan, “polar cap”)
- 鶏冠 (keikan, “cockscomb”)
- 月桂冠 (gekkeikan, “laurel wreath”)
- 主教冠 (shukyōkan, “mitre, miter”)
- 戴冠 (teikan, “coronation”)
- 宝冠 (hōkan, “diadem”)
- 林冠 (hōkan, “tree canopy”)
Adjective
[edit]冠 • (kan) ←くわん (kwan)?†-tari (adnominal 冠とした (kan to shita) or 冠たる (kan taru), adverbial 冠と (kan to) or 冠として (kan to shite))
References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 冠 (MC kwan|kwanH). Recorded as Middle Korean 관 (kwan) (Yale: kwan) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]冠: Hán Nôm readings: quan, quán
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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- Chinese literary terms
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- Mandarin terms with collocations
- zh:Linguistics
- Chinese short forms
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- Japanese kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading かん
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading くわん
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading かん
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading くわん
- Japanese kanji with kun reading かんむり
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading かもり
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading まさる
- Japanese terms spelled with 冠 read as かがふり
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
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- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Japanese terms spelled with 冠
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- Japanese terms spelled with 冠 read as かぶり
- ja:Theater
- Japanese terms spelled with 冠 read as かむり
- ja:Poetry
- Japanese terms spelled with 冠 read as こうぶり
- Japanese terms spelled with 冠 read as かんむり
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese proper nouns
- Japanese given names
- Japanese female given names
- Japanese surnames
- Japanese terms read with irregular kanji readings
- Japanese terms spelled with 冠 read as かん
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
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- Japanese terms historically spelled with わ
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese たり-tari adjectives
- ja:Chinese character components
- ja:Headwear
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
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- Vietnamese lemmas
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