帽

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帽 U+5E3D, 帽
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E3D
← 帼
[U+5E3C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 帾 →
[U+5E3E]

帽 U+2F886, 帽
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F886
← 帨
[U+2F885] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 幩 →
[U+2F887]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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帽 (Kangxi radical 50, 巾+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 中月日月山 (LBABU), four-corner 46260, composition ⿰巾冒)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 333, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8971
  • Dae Jaweon: page 640, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 747, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+5E3D

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 帽
2nd round simp. 𫷀
alternative forms 冃
㡌
𧛕
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 帽 (Cantonese)
  • 帽 (Written Standard Chinese?)

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 帽
Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (冃) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
媢 *mɯɡs, *muːʔ, *muːɡs, *muːɡ
冃 *muːɡs
冒 *muːɡs, *mɯːɡ
帽 *muːɡs
瑁 *muːɡs, *mɯːɡs, *muːɡ
賵 *m̥ʰuŋs
艒 *mɯːɡ, *muːɡ, *muːɡ
萺 *muːɡ, *muɡ
勗 *hmoɡ
勖 *hmoɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *muːɡs) : semantic 巾 (“cloth”) + phonetic 冒 (OC *muːɡs, *mɯːɡ).

Etymology

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Wanderwort of Southeastern and Eastern Asia, thus its origin is disputed.

Possibly from Sino-Tibetan. It has been compared to Tibetan རྨོག (rmog, “helmet”) (Starostin; Sagart, 2017) and Rgyalrongic forms for “mushroom” (cf. Breton tog-touseg, literally “frog hat”), such as Japhug tɤjmɤɣ (Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019).

Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) suggests an Austroasiatic derivation since this is a relatively late word and Shuowen defines 冃 (an ancient form of 帽) as “head cover” of the Southern indigenous people, which may allude to a southern origin. Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *muuk ~ muək (“hat”), whence Mon ဒမှော် (həmok, “wide hat”) and Khmer មួក (muək), which he also connects to 鍪 (OC *mu, “metal cap; helmet”). Also compare Thai หมวก (mùuak), which Schuessler (2007) derives from the Khmer word. However, Alves (2018) considers it likely for the Proto-Mon-Khmer word to be a loan from Chinese, and Alves (2020) also suggests that the Tai forms spread from Chinese.

Often considered to be related to 冒 (OC *muːɡs, “to cover”) (Wang, 1982; Starostin), though Schuessler (2007) thinks that it may be reinterpreted as such based on parallel development of 被 (OC *bralʔ, *brals, “to cover; bedding”).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • bō - vernacular;
  • mō͘ - literary.
Note:
  • mau5 - vernacular;
  • mau4 - literary.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 帽
    Mandarin Beijing /mɑu⁵¹/
    Harbin /mau⁵³/
    Tianjin /mɑu⁵³/
    Jinan /mɔ²¹/
    Qingdao /mɔ⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /mau³¹²/
    Xi'an /mau⁴⁴/
    Xining /mɔ²¹³/
    Yinchuan /mɔ¹³/
    Lanzhou /mɔ¹³/
    Ürümqi /mɔ²¹³/
    Wuhan /mau³⁵/
    Chengdu /mau¹³/
    Guiyang /mao²¹³/
    Kunming /mɔ²¹²/
    Nanjing /mɔo⁴⁴/
    Hefei /mɔ⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /mau⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /mɔ³⁵/
    Hohhot /mɔ⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /mɔ²³/
    Suzhou /mæ³¹/
    Hangzhou /mɔ¹³/
    Wenzhou /mɜ²²/
    Hui Shexian /mɔ²²/
    Tunxi /mən²⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /mau⁵⁵/
    /mau¹¹/
    Xiangtan /maɯ²¹/
    Gan Nanchang /mɑu²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /mau⁵³/
    Taoyuan /mo⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /mou³⁵/
    Nanning /mu²²/
    Hong Kong /mou³⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /bo²²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /mɔ²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /mau⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /bo³¹/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /mau³⁵/
    Rime
    Character 帽
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 明 (4)
    Final (韻) 豪 (89)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 莫報切
    Baxter mawH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/mɑuH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/mɑuH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/mɑuH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/mawH/
    Li
    Rong         		/mɑuH/
    Wang
    Li         		/mɑuH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/mɑuH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		mào
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		mou6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 帽
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		mào
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ mawH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*mˁuk-s/
    English hat

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 帽
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 8917
    Phonetic
    component         		冃
    Rime
    group         		奧
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		冃
    Old
    Chinese         		/*muːɡs/
    Notes 見漢賦，說文作冃

    Definitions

    [edit]

    帽

    1. hat; cap (Classifier: 頂／顶 c)
    2. cap (protective cover)
      筆帽／笔帽  ―  bǐmào  ―  cap of a pen
    3. (Hong Kong Cantonese, neologism, slang) Short for 戴綠帽／戴绿帽 (“to cuckold”).

    Synonyms

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    Dialectal synonyms of 帽子 (“hat”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 冠, 帽
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 帽子
    Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 帽子, 帽兒
    Taiwan 帽子
    Harbin 帽子
    Singapore 帽子
    Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 帽子
    Jilu Mandarin Jinan 帽子
    Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 帽子
    Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 帽子
    Xi'an 帽子
    Xining 帽子
    Xuzhou 帽子
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 帽子
    Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 帽子
    Ürümqi 帽子
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 帽子
    Wuhan 帽子
    Guiyang 帽子, 帽兒 humorous
    Guilin 帽子
    Liuzhou 帽子
    Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 帽子
    Yangzhou 帽子
    Hefei 帽子
    Cantonese Guangzhou 帽
    Hong Kong 帽
    Dongguan 帽
    Yangjiang 帽
    Hepu (Lianzhou) 帽
    Hepu (Shatian) 帽
    Beihai 帽
    Beihai (Nankang) 帽
    Beihai (Yingpan) 頭帽
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 帽
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 帽
    Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 帽
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 帽
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 帽
    Móng Cái 帽
    Gan Nanchang 帽子
    Pingxiang 帽子
    Hakka Meixian 帽仔
    Yudu 帽子
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 帽仔
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 帽仔
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 帽仔
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 帽
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 帽仔, 帽
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 帽
    Senai (Huiyang) 帽
    Huizhou Jixi 帽
    Jin Taiyuan 帽子, 帽兒
    Xinzhou 帽子
    Northern Min Jian'ou 帽
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 帽
    Matsu 帽
    Southern Min Xiamen 帽仔
    Quanzhou 帽仔
    Zhangzhou 帽仔
    Taipei 帽仔
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 帽仔
    Kaohsiung 帽仔
    Yilan 帽仔
    Changhua (Lukang) 帽仔
    Taichung 帽仔
    Tainan 帽仔
    Hsinchu 帽仔
    Kinmen 帽
    Penghu (Magong) 帽
    Penang (Hokkien) 帽
    Singapore (Hokkien) 帽, 帽仔
    Manila (Hokkien) 帽仔
    Chaozhou 帽
    Shantou 帽
    Shantou (Chenghai) 帽
    Jieyang 帽
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 帽
    Penang (Teochew) 帽
    Singapore (Teochew) 帽
    Pontianak (Teochew) 帽
    Puxian Min Putian 帽
    Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 帽
    Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 帽
    Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 帽, 帽囝
    Xianyou 帽
    Xianyou (Fengting) 帽
    Xianyou (Youyang) 帽
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 帽子, 帽
    Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 帽
    Wu Shanghai 帽子
    Shanghai (Chongming) 帽子
    Suzhou 帽子
    Danyang 帽子
    Hangzhou 帽兒
    Ningbo 帽子
    Wenzhou 帽
    Jinhua 帽
    Xiang Changsha 帽子
    Loudi 帽, 帽子
    Shuangfeng 帽子

    Compounds

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    Descendants

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    Sino-Xenic (帽):
    • → Japanese: 帽(ぼう) (bō)
    • → Vietnamese: mạo (帽)

    Others:

    References

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    Japanese

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    Shinjitai 帽
    Kyūjitai
    [1]
    帽󠄁
    帽+&#xE0101;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)
    帽󠄃
    帽+&#xE0103;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji

    [edit]
    帽

    (Jōyō kanji)

    1. cap

    Readings

    [edit]
    • Go-on: もう (mō)
    • Kan-on: ぼう (bō, Jōyō)
    • Kun: ずきん (zukin, 帽)、おおう (ōu, 帽う)

    Compounds

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    Compounds

    References

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    1. ^ “帽”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

    Korean

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    Etymology

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    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

    Pronunciation

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    Hanja

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    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    帽 • (mo) (hangeul 모)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

    [edit]

    帽: Hán Nôm readings: mạo, mão, mũ

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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