丸

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See also: 九 and 丮
丸 U+4E38, 丸
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E38
← 丷
[U+4E37] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 丹 →
[U+4E39]

丸 U+2F801, 丸
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F801
← 丽
[U+2F800] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 乁 →
[U+2F802]

Translingual

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Stroke order
3 strokes

Han character

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丸 (Kangxi radical 3, 丶+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 大弓戈 (KNI), four-corner 50017, composition ⿻九丶(GJKV) or ⿵九丶(HT))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 80, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 94
  • Dae Jaweon: page 162, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 42, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+4E38

Chinese

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trad. 丸
simp. # 丸
alternative forms 𠁽

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 丸
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
s06805
Transcribed ancient scripts
L31714
L31715
L06169
L06170
L06171
L06172
L06173
L06174
L06175
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (丸) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
骫 *qʷralʔ
丸 *ɡʷaːn
紈 *ɡʷaːn
芄 *ɡʷaːn
汍 *ɡʷaːn
肒 *ɡʷaːns

Ideogram (指事) , differentiated form of 夗 (OC *qonʔ), which was originally the same character.

Shuowen suggests that it is an ideogram (指事) from flipped 仄 (“to tilt”) – something that can be tilted and turned; something round.

Unrelated to the right component of characters like 執 and 孰, which comes from 丮 (a kneeling person with stretched arms to indicate "to hold").

Etymology 1

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “any relation to 圓?”)

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • oân - literary;
  • îⁿ - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 丸
Mandarin Beijing /uan³⁵/
Harbin /uan²⁴/
Tianjin /van⁴⁵/
Jinan /vã⁴²/
Qingdao /vã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /uan⁴²/
Xi'an /uã²⁴/
Xining /uã²⁴/
Yinchuan /van⁵³/
Lanzhou /vɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /van⁵¹/
Wuhan /uan²¹³/ 藥～子
/yɛn²¹³/ 肉～子
Chengdu /uan³¹/
Guiyang /uan²¹/
Kunming /uã̠³¹/
Nanjing /uaŋ²⁴/
Hefei /ʊ̃⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /væ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /uɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /væ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦuø²³/
Suzhou /ɦuø¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦuõ²¹³/
Wenzhou /jy³¹/
Hui Shexian /uɛ⁴⁴/
Tunxi /uːən⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /yẽ¹³/
Xiangtan /yẽ¹²/
Gan Nanchang /yɵn⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /ian¹¹/
Taoyuan /ʒen¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jyn³⁵/
Nanning /yn²¹/
Hong Kong /jyn³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /uan³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /uoŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /yiŋ³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /ĩ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zuaŋ³¹/
Rime
Character 丸
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 桓 (62)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 胡官切
Baxter hwan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦuɑn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦʷɑn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣuɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦwan/
Li
Rong 		/ɣuɑn/
Wang
Li 		/ɣuɑn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɣuɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		huán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wun4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 丸 丸
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		wán wán
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hwan › ‹ hwan ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɢ]ʷˁar/ /*ɦʷˁar/ (< *[ɢ]ʷˁar)
English pellet; ball 烏丸 Wūhuán: Avars (W. Hàn)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 丸
Reading # 1/1
No. 12608
Phonetic
component 		丸
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		桓
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡʷaːn/

Definitions

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丸

  1. small round object; ball; pellet
    肉丸  ―  ròuwán  ―  meatball
  2. (medicine) pill
  3. (obsolete) egg (of a bird)
  4. (obsolete) to roll into a ball
  5. Classifier for pills of Chinese medicine.
  6. a surname: Wan

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • → Vietnamese: viên

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 丸
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		wán
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hwan ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ɦʷˁar/ (< *[ɢ]ʷˁar)
English 烏丸 Wūhuán: Avars (W. Hàn)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

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丸

  1. Used in 烏丸／乌丸.

Japanese

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Kanji

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丸

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. circle
  2. round
  3. whole
  4. pill

Readings

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(Can we verify(+) this pronunciation?)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
丸
まる
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

⟨maro2⟩ → */marə/ → /maru/

Shift from Old Japanese 丸 (maro, see below).[1]

Alternative forms

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  • (round object, soft-shell turtle, wholeness): 円

Pronunciation

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  • Pitch accent for prefix unknown.

Noun

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丸(まる) • (maru) 

  1. any round object:
    1. a circle
    2. a sphere, ball
    3. (by extension) any non-perfectly round objects, such as an oval
    4. the "○" symbol, equivalent to a check mark in some other languages
    5. (by extension) something correct, good, or right
  2. (colloquial) money
    Synonym: 金銭 (kinsen)
  3. enclosure inside a castle's walls
  4. (colloquial) the 。 mark, or 句点 (kuten, “full stop, period”)
  5. (colloquial) the ゜ mark, or 半濁点 (handakuten, “semi-voicing mark”)
  6. the circular outline of a Japanese crest
  7. (Kansai) a soft-shell turtle
    Synonym: 鼈 (suppon)
  8. term relating to completeness:
    1. fullness, wholeness
    2. meeting specific conditions
  9. a Japanese unit of weight
    1 maru is equal to 50 斤 (kin), approximately 30 kilograms
  10. a Japanese unit of counting washi
  11. a day where prices are doubled in a red-light district
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Prefix

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丸(まる) • (maru-) 

  1. whole, complete
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Suffix

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丸(まる) • (-maru) 

  1. suffix for ship names

Proper noun

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丸(まる) • (Maru) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
丸
まる
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Suffix

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丸(まる) • (-maru) 

  1. Alternative spelling of 麻呂 (maru): attaches to names of persons or objects expressing dearness

Pronoun

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丸(まる) • (maru) 

  1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) Alternative spelling of 麻呂 (maru): first-person singular, I, me

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
丸
まろ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

⟨maro2⟩ → */marə/ → /maro/

From Old Japanese. Appears to be the older form.

Adjective

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丸(まろ) • (maro) †-nari

  1. round
  2. plump and thick
  3. all, whole
    Synonym: 全部 (zenbu)

Noun

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丸(まろ) • (maro) 

  1. a round object
  2. all, whole
  3. coins, money
    Synonym: 銭 (zeni)
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Proper noun

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丸(まろ) • (Maro) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
丸
がん
Grade: 2
on'yomi

/ɡwan/ → /ɡan/

From Middle Chinese 丸 (MC hwan).

Pronunciation

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Affix

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丸(がん) • (gan) ←ぐわん (gwan)?

  1. round; circular
Derived terms
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Japanese terms suffixed with 丸

Noun

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丸(がん) • (gan) ←ぐわん (gwan)?

  1. a meatball, fishball
  2. a pill
    Synonym: 丸薬 (gan'yaku)

Proper noun

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丸(がん) • (Gan) ←ぐわん (Gwan)?

  1. a surname

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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丸 (eumhun 둥글 환 (dunggeul hwan))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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丸: Hán Nôm readings: hoàn, hòn, giúp, xắp, xóp

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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