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聖

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 圣
聖 U+8056, 聖
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8056
← 聕
[U+8055] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 聗 →
[U+8057]

Translingual

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Han character

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聖 (Kangxi radical 128, 耳+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 尸口竹土 (SRHG), four-corner 16104, composition ⿱𦔻𡈼)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 967, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29074
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1415, character 28
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2789, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+8056

Chinese

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trad. 聖
simp. 圣*
alternative forms
圣
垩
𠄵
𦔻
𤦉
圣
垩
𠄵
𦔻
𤦉
𭹖
琞
𤦨
𪣿
𩫽
𥅶
䎴
𦕡
𫆅
𨉑
𨲣 Zetian characters
𨲢 Zetian characters
𰿓 Zetian characters
𤪈
𰿒
𡑺
𨲚
𨲉
𧟿
 

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 聖
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (聖) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
檉 *l̥ʰeŋ
蟶 *l̥ʰeŋ
聖 *hljeŋs
聽 *l̥ʰeːŋ, *l̥ʰeːŋs
廳 *l̥ʰeːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljeŋs) : semantic 耳 (“ear”) + phonetic 呈 (OC *rleŋ, *l'eŋs). Compare 聽.

Etymology

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Likely related to 聽 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, “to hear; to listen”), 聲 (OC *qʰjeŋ, “sound”) (Boltz, 1994). If derived directly from 聲 (OC *qʰjeŋ, “sound”), it would literally mean “to be renowned; someone who is renowned” (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • séng - literary;
  • siáng - vernacular (“propitious; efficacious”).
Note:
  • sèng - literary;
  • siàⁿ - vernacular.
Note: sêng3 - only used in 聖杯 and 聖珓.
Rime
Character 聖
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 清 (121)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 式正切
Baxter syengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɕiᴇŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɕiɛŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɕiæŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɕiajŋH/
Li
Rong 		/ɕiɛŋH/
Wang
Li 		/ɕĭɛŋH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɕi̯ɛŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shèng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sing3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 聖
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shèng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ syengH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥eŋ-s/
English sage (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 聖
Reading # 1/1
No. 11391
Phonetic
component 		聖
Rime
group 		耕
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		聖
Old
Chinese 		/*hljeŋs/
Notes 甲金文象人張耳對口會耳聰意，
非呈聲

Definitions

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聖

  1. noble
  2. holy; sacred
  3. saint; sage
  4. (specifically) Confucius
  5. master; professional
  6. emperor; king
  7. (honorific) form of address for the respected
  8. (Eastern Min) propitious; efficacious; favouring; (of a god) able to protect

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai 聖
Kyūjitai
[1][2]
聖󠄁
聖+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
聖󠄃
聖+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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聖

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. holy, sacred

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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Compound of 日 (hi, “day, light, the sun”) +‎ 知り (shiri, “knowing”). The shiri changes to jiri due to rendaku (連濁).

Noun

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聖(ひじり) • (hijiri) 

  1. a very virtuous or godly person; a saint
  2. (honorific) the emperor
  3. a sage
  4. an expert; someone distinguished in their field
  5. a virtuous or high-ranking Buddhist priest or monk
  6. a Buddhist priest or monk in general
  7. a monk who has gone into seclusion for purposes of asceticism and spiritual enlightenment
  8. a monk who has adopted an itinerant lifestyle for purposes of asceticism and spiritual enlightenment, supporting themselves by gathering alms and food contributions; by extension, an itinerant preacher monk from Mount Kōya
  9. (euphemistic) alternate name for 清酒 (seishu, “refined sake”)
  10. a textile peddler (from the resemblance to itinerant 高野聖 (Kōya hijiri) Buddhist preachers who would carry everything on their backs)
Synonyms
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Etymology 2

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From Middle Chinese 聖 (MC syengH).

Adjective

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聖(せい) • (sei) †-nari

  1. holy, sacred

Noun

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聖(せい) • (sei) 

  1. a saint; a holy person
  2. holiness, sacredness
  3. (euphemistic) alternate name for 清酒 (seishu, “refined sake”)

Affix

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聖(せい) • (sei) 

  1. (Brazil) Short for 聖州 (“São Paulo (a state of Brazil)”). or Short for 聖市 (“São Paulo (a municipality, the state capital of São Paulo, Brazil)”).

Etymology 3

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Phono-semantic matching of English saint, from Latin sanctus.

Prefix

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聖(せい) • (sei-) 

  1. (Catholicism) prefix added to the names of saints

Etymology 4

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Jukujikun.

Proper noun

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聖(たかし) • (Takashi) 

  1. a male given name

Etymology 5

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Jukujikun.

Proper noun

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聖(さとし) • (Satoshi) 

  1. a male given name

References

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  1. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 980 (paper), page 503 (digital)
  2. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1731 (paper), page 917 (digital)

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰɘ(ː)ŋ]
  • Phonetic hangul: [성(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

聖 (eumhun 성스러울 성 (seongseureoul seong))

  1. hanja form? of 성 (“holy, saint, sacred”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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聖: Hán Việt readings: thánh
聖: Nôm readings: thánh, thiêng

Adjective

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聖

  1. chữ Hán form of thánh (“holy, saint, sacred”).

Noun

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聖

  1. chữ Hán form of thánh (“saint”).

References

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