主
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order (Japan) | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]主 (Kangxi radical 3, 丶+4, 5 strokes, cangjie input 卜土 (YG), four-corner 00104, composition ⿱丶王 or ⿱亠土)
Derived characters
[edit]- 住, 𠰍, 𡊲, 妵, 往, 拄, 注, 㹥, 迬, 柱, 炷, 𤖸, 砫, 紸 (𰬇), 蛀, 註, 䝬, 跓, 軴, 鉒 (𰽯), 䪒, 飳, 駐 (驻), 黈, 𪐴, 殶
- 𰀩, 𠣕, 𦭦, 宔, 疰, 罜, 䇠, 麈, 𮏼, 𮢔, 𮢉
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 80, character 20
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 100
- Dae Jaweon: page 163, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 44, character 3
- Unihan data for U+4E3B
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
主 | |
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alternative forms | 丶 宔 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 主 | ||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
|
Pictogram (象形) . Three distinct forms can observed in ancient scripts, all of which have merged into the same character in modern script:
- A lamp or torch with a flame at the top. Original form of 炷.
- Wood (木, now 王) on fire.
- A spirit tablet. Same character as 示.
Unrelated to the right component of 往 (< 𢓸).
Etymology
[edit]Unclear. Compare Tibetan ཇོ་བོ (jo bo, “elder brother, nobleman, lord”), Tibetan ཇོ་མོ (jo mo, “mistress, lady, goddess”), Tibetan ཐུ། (thu, “chief”), Proto-Monic *(d)ndooʔ (“to teach, to instruct; headman”), and Thai โจก (jòok, “leader, chief”) (Schuessler, 2007)
Also compare Burmese အတို့ (a.tui., “honorific personal pronoun”).
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zu3
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җў (žw, II)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): jy3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): zu2
- Northern Min (KCR): cṳ̌
- Eastern Min (BUC): ciō / cṳ̄
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zou3 / zy3
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5tsy
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jy3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhǔ
- Wade–Giles: chu3
- Yale: jǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juu
- Palladius: чжу (čžu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (主兒 / 主儿)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˇㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhǔr
- Wade–Giles: chu3-ʼrh
- Yale: jǔr
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juul
- Palladius: чжур (čžur)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂuɻʷ²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: zu3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zu
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡su⁵³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җў (žw, II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zyu2
- Yale: jyú
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzy2
- Guangdong Romanization: ju2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡syː³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: zi2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡si⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: jy3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕy²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chú
- Hakka Romanization System: zuˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: zu3
- Sinological IPA: /t͡su³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: zhuˊ
- Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃu²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: zu2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡su⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cṳ̌
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sy²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ciō / cṳ̄
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡suo³³/, /t͡sy³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zou3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɔu⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zou3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɔu³³²/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zy3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sy⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zy3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sy³³²/
- (Putian)
- zou3 - vernacular;
- zy3 - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chí
- Tâi-lô: tsí
- Phofsit Daibuun: cie
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡si⁵³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: zu2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsú
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡su⁵²/
- (Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin: zu2 / ji2
- Sinological IPA: /t͡su³¹/, /t͡si³¹/
- zu2 - vernacular;
- ji2 - literary.
- Middle Chinese: tsyuX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*toʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*tjoʔ/
Definitions
[edit]主
- owner; master
- host
- (archaic, honorific) you (honorific second-person pronoun addressing a "senior official" [大夫] or his spouse)
- 季康子問于共父文伯之母曰:「主亦有以語肥也。」對曰:「吾能老而已,何以語子。」康子曰:「雖然,肥愿有聞于主。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Guoyu, circa 4th century BCE
- Jì Kāngzǐ wèn yú Gōngfǔ Wénbó zhī mǔ yuē: “Zhǔ yì yǒu yǐ yù Féi yě.” Duìyuē: “Wú néng lǎo éryǐ, héyǐ yù zǐ.” Kāngzǐ yuē: “Suīrán, Féi yuàn yǒu wén yú zhǔ.” [Pinyin]
- Ji Kangzi (Fei) consulted the mother of Gongfu Wenbo: "Would you, madame, have something to instruct me?" "I am only good at growing old. What else can I tell you?" came her reply. "Nevertheless, I, Fei, do want to hear something from you," said Kangzi.
季康子问于共父文伯之母曰:「主亦有以语肥也。」对曰:「吾能老而已,何以语子。」康子曰:「虽然,肥愿有闻于主。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (Christianity, Islam) Lord
- emperor
- (colloquial, derogatory) person of a specified type
- agent; agency
- party; entity
- 事主 ― shìzhǔ ― party (in a dispute, especially the one bringing forth the dispute)
- main; primary; principal; major
- to be in charge; to lead; to command
- 主事 ― zhǔshì ― to be in charge
- to indicate; to signify
- (grammar) Short for 主語/主语 (zhǔyǔ).
- (historical) Short for 公主 (gōngzhǔ).
- a surname
Compounds
[edit]- 世主 (shìzhǔ)
- 主上 (zhǔshàng)
- 主事 (zhǔshì)
- 主人 (zhǔrén)
- 主任 (zhǔrèn)
- 主佛
- 主位 (zhǔwèi)
- 主使 (zhǔshǐ)
- 主依
- 主修 (zhǔxiū)
- 主傅
- 主僕 / 主仆 (zhǔpú)
- 主兒 / 主儿 (zhǔr)
- 主公 (zhǔgōng)
- 主刀 (zhǔdāo)
- 主刑 (zhǔxíng)
- 主力 (zhǔlì)
- 主動 / 主动 (zhǔdòng)
- 主動脈 / 主动脉 (zhǔdòngmài)
- 主名
- 主唱 (zhǔchàng)
- 主單位 / 主单位
- 主器
- 主因 (zhǔyīn)
- 主坐
- 主場 / 主场 (zhǔchǎng)
- 主委 (zhǔwěi)
- 主婚
- 主婦 / 主妇 (zhǔfù)
- 主嫌 (zhǔxián)
- 主子 (zhǔzi)
- 主客 (zhǔkè)
- 主家
- 主宰 (zhǔzǎi)
- 主審 / 主审 (zhǔshěn)
- 主將 / 主将 (zhǔjiàng)
- 主導 / 主导 (zhǔdǎo)
- 主峰 (zhǔfēng)
- 主帥 / 主帅 (zhǔshuài)
- 主席 (zhǔxí)
- 主幣 / 主币 (zhǔbì)
- 主幹 / 主干 (zhǔgàn)
- 主座
- 主廚 / 主厨 (zhǔchú)
- 主張 / 主张 (zhǔzhāng)
- 主從 / 主从 (zhǔcóng)
- 主意
- 主戰 / 主战 (zhǔzhàn)
- 主持 (zhǔchí)
- 主持人 (zhǔchírén)
- 主控
- 主掌 (zhǔzhǎng)
- 主播 (zhǔbō)
- 主攻 (zhǔgōng)
- 主政
- 主教
- 主文
- 主日 (zhǔrì)
- 主旨 (zhǔzhǐ)
- 主星
- 主板 (zhǔbǎn)
- 主格 (zhǔgé)
- 主根 (zhǔgēn)
- 主機 / 主机 (zhǔjī)
- 主權 / 主权 (zhǔquán)
- 主次 (zhǔcì)
- 主歌 (zhǔgē)
- 主母
- 主治 (zhǔzhì)
- 主法
- 主流 (zhǔliú)
- 主演 (zhǔyǎn)
- 主焦點 / 主焦点
- 主父
- 主犯 (zhǔfàn)
- 主盟
- 主監 / 主监
- 主祭 (zhǔjì)
- 主稿
- 主筆 / 主笔 (zhǔbǐ)
- 主管 (zhǔguǎn)
- 主簿 (zhǔbù)
- 主編 / 主编 (zhǔbiān)
- 主線 / 主线 (zhǔxiàn)
- 主罰 / 主罚
- 主義 / 主义 (zhǔyì)
- 主翁
- 主考 (zhǔkǎo)
- 主脈 / 主脉
- 主腰 (zhǔyāo)
- 主腦 / 主脑 (zhǔnǎo)
- 主臣
- 主菜 (zhǔcài)
- 主要 (zhǔyào)
- 主見 / 主见 (zhǔjiàn)
- 主觀 / 主观 (zhǔguān)
- 主觀主義 / 主观主义 (zhǔguān zhǔyì)
- 主觀唯心主義 / 主观唯心主义
- 主觀能動性 / 主观能动性 (zhǔguān néngdòngxìng)
- 主角
- 主計 / 主计
- 主詞 / 主词
- 主試 / 主试
- 主語 / 主语 (zhǔyǔ)
- 主調 / 主调
- 主謀 / 主谋 (zhǔmóu)
- 主講 / 主讲 (zhǔjiǎng)
- 主議 / 主议
- 主軸 / 主轴 (zhǔzhóu)
- 主辦 / 主办 (zhǔbàn)
- 主辯 / 主辩
- 主隊 / 主队 (zhǔduì)
- 主靜 / 主静
- 主音 (zhǔyīn)
- 主頁 / 主页 (zhǔyè)
- 主題 / 主题 (zhǔtí)
- 主顧 / 主顾 (zhǔgù)
- 主食 (zhǔshí)
- 主體 / 主体 (zhǔtǐ)
- 主麻
- 事主 (shìzhǔ)
- 人主 (rénzhǔ)
- 作主 (zuòzhǔ)
- 借主
- 做主 (zuòzhǔ)
- 債主 / 债主 (zhàizhǔ)
- 先主
- 內主 / 内主
- 公主 (gōngzhǔ)
- 化主
- 原主 (yuánzhǔ)
- 名主
- 君主 (jūnzhǔ)
- 售主
- 喪主 / 丧主
- 嗣主
- 國主 / 国主
- 團主 / 团主
- 地主 (dìzhǔ)
- 地主神 (dìzhǔshén)
- 地基主 (dìjīzhǔ)
- 夫主
- 天主 (Tiānzhǔ)
- 太主
- 失主 (shīzhǔ)
- 奧主 / 奥主
- 女主 (nǚzhǔ)
- 宗主 (zōngzhǔ)
- 家主 (jiāzhǔ)
- 寄主 (jìzhǔ)
- 宿主 (sùzhǔ)
- 寨主
- 局主
- 屋主 (wūzhǔ)
- 幼主 (yòuzhǔ)
- 店主 (diànzhǔ)
- 府主
- 座主
- 庵主
- 廢主 / 废主 (fèizhǔ)
- 廟主 / 庙主
- 後主 / 后主 (hòuzhǔ)
- 得主 (dézhǔ)
- 戶主 / 户主 (hùzhǔ)
- 房主 (fángzhǔ)
- 故主
- 教主 (jiàozhǔ)
- 教權主義 / 教权主义 (jiàoquánzhǔyì)
- 施主 (shīzhǔ)
- 昏主
- 易主 (yìzhǔ)
- 明主 (míngzhǔ)
- 星主
- 木主 (mùzhǔ)
- 本主
- 東主 / 东主 (dōngzhǔ)
- 板主 (bǎnzhǔ)
- 業主 / 业主 (yèzhǔ)
- 樁主 / 桩主
- 母主
- 民主 (mínzhǔ)
- 浴主
- 浪漫主義 / 浪漫主义 (làngmàn zhǔyì)
- 火主 (huǒzhǔ)
- 無主 / 无主 (wúzhǔ)
- 爵主
- 牧主
- 物主 (wùzhǔ)
- 田主 (tiánzhǔ)
- 盟主 (méngzhǔ)
- 真主 (zhēnzhǔ)
- 神主 (shénzhǔ)
- 祭主
- 禁慾主義 / 禁欲主义 (jìnyùzhǔyì)
- 窩主 / 窝主
- 縣主 / 县主
- 翁主
- 聖主 / 圣主 (shèngzhǔ)
- 背主 (bèizhǔ)
- 自主 (zìzhǔ)
- 船主 (chuánzhǔ)
- 苦主 (kǔzhǔ)
- 莊主 / 庄主 (zhuāngzhǔ)
- 行主
- 觀主 / 观主
- 誼主 / 谊主
- 謀主 / 谋主
- 財主 / 财主
- 貨主 / 货主 (huòzhǔ)
- 買主 / 买主 (mǎizhǔ)
- 貴主 / 贵主
- 賓主 / 宾主 (bīnzhǔ)
- 賣主 / 卖主 (màizhǔ)
- 車主 / 车主 (chēzhǔ)
- 郎主
- 郡主 (jùnzhǔ)
- 閣主 / 阁主
- 院主
- 隊主 / 队主
- 雄主
- 雇主 (gùzhǔ)
- 霸主 (bàzhǔ)
- 領主 / 领主 (lǐngzhǔ)
- 頭主 / 头主
- 題主 / 题主 (tízhǔ)
- 顧主 / 顾主
- 飼主 / 饲主
- 點主 / 点主
- 齋主 / 斋主
Descendants
[edit]Others:
Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhù
- Wade–Giles: chu4
- Yale: jù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juh
- Palladius: чжу (čžu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
[edit]主
References
[edit]- “主”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Shinjitai | 主 | |
Kyūjitai [1][2][3] |
主󠄁 主+ 󠄁 ?(Adobe-Japan1) |
|
主󠄃 主+ 󠄃 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |
Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: す (su, Jōyō †)←す (su, historical)
- Kan-on: しゅ (shu, Jōyō)←しゆ (syu, historical)
- Kun: あるじ (aruji, 主)、おも (omo, 主, Jōyō)、ぬし (nushi, 主, Jōyō)、つかさどる (tsukasadoru, 主る)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
主 |
しゅ Grade: 3 |
kan'on |
From Middle Chinese 主 (MC tsyuX).
The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Synonyms
[edit]- 主人 (shujin)
Proper noun
[edit]- the Lord
- 主の兄弟ヤコブ
- Shu no kyōdai Yakobu
- James, brother of the Lord
- 主の兄弟ヤコブ
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
主 |
ぬし Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 主 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 主, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
主 |
おも Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 主 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 主, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 4
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
主 |
あるじ Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 主 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 主, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References
[edit]- ^ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “主”, in 字通 (Jitsū)[1] (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
- ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, , page 62 (paper), page 81 (digital)
- ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, , page 56 (paper), page 40 (digital)
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 主 (MC tsyuX). Recorded as Middle Korean 쥬〮 (cyú) (Yale: cyu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
[edit]主 (eumhun 임금 주 (imgeum ju))
主 (eumhun 주인 주 (ju'in ju))
Compounds
[edit]- 주요 (主要, juyo)
- 주인 (主人, ju'in, “master, host”)
- 주권 (主權, jugwon, “sovereignty”)
- 주객 (主客, jugaek, “host and guest”)
- 주부 (主婦, jubu, “housewife”)
- 주범 (主犯, jubeom, “main culprit”)
- 주인공 (主人公, ju'in'gong, “protagonist”)
- 민주주의 (民主主義, minjujuui, “democracy”)
- 공산주의 (共産主義, gongsanjuui, “communism”)
- 공주 (公主, gongju, “princess”)
References
[edit]- Naver Hanja Dictionary: 主
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]主: Hán Việt readings: chủ, chúa
主: Nôm readings: chúa, chủ
- chữ Hán form of chủ (“owner”).
- Nôm form of chúa (“retired father of a king”).
- Nôm form of Chúa (“God; Christ; Lord”).
Usage notes
[edit]- Despite being a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading, chúa is still used as Sino-Vietnamese in a few compounds such as Chúa nhật, công chúa, quận chúa, lãnh chúa, Thiên Chúa.
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- CJK Unified Ideographs block
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- zh:Christianity
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- ja:God
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