丼
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Translingual
[edit]| Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]丼 (Kangxi radical 3, 丶+4, 5 strokes, cangjie input 廿廿戈 (TTI), four-corner 55000, composition ⿴井丶)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 81, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 101
- Dae Jaweon: page 164, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 45, character 1
- Unihan data for U+4E3C
Chinese
[edit]
Glyph origin
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]| simp. and trad. |
丼 | |
|---|---|---|
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄢˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dǎn
- Wade–Giles: tan3
- Yale: dǎn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: daan
- Palladius: дань (danʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tän²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: dam2
- Yale: dám
- Cantonese Pinyin: dam2
- Guangdong Romanization: dem2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɐm³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tôm
- Tâi-lô: tôm
- Phofsit Daibuun: doom
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔm²³/
- IPA (Taipei): /tɔm²⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: dom6 / dong6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tŏm / tŏng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tom³⁵/, /toŋ³⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Middle Chinese: tomX
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*kl'oːmʔ/
Definitions
[edit]丼
- (onomatopoeia, obsolete) sound of tossing something into a well.
- a surname.
Etymology 2
[edit]| For pronunciation and definitions of 丼 – see 井 (“well; well-shaped object; mineshaft, pit; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 井). |
Etymology 3
[edit]| simp. and trad. |
丼 | |
|---|---|---|
Borrowed from Japanese 丼 (don).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄢˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dǎn
- Wade–Giles: tan3
- Yale: dǎn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: daan
- Palladius: дань (danʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tän²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dong
- Wade–Giles: tung1
- Yale: dūng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dong
- Palladius: дун (dun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dòng
- Wade–Giles: tung4
- Yale: dùng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: donq
- Palladius: дун (dun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʊŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: dong1
- Yale: dōng
- Cantonese Pinyin: dong1
- Guangdong Romanization: dong1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɔːŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tung
- Hakka Romanization System: dung
- Hagfa Pinyim: dung4
- Sinological IPA: /tuŋ⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
Definitions
[edit]丼
Compounds
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]丼
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: しょう (shō)←しやう (syau, historical)、とん (ton)
- Kan-on: せい (sei)、たん (tan)
- Kun: どん (don, 丼, Jōyō †)、どんぶり (donburi, 丼, Jōyō)
Etymology 1
[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 丼 |
| どんぶり Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
Multiple possible derivations.
- During the Edo period, restaurants specializing in large portions were called 慳貪屋 (kendon'ya), from 慳貪 (kendon, “greedy”, in reference to “very hungry”) + 屋 (ya, “house, store, restaurant”). The serving bowls were called 慳貪振り鉢 (kendon-buri-bachi), literally “greedy” + “in that fashion” + “bowl”. The ken portion was elided, producing donburi-bachi, and then the -hachi was dropped to produce donburi.
- Alternatively, and perhaps more likely, donburi in reference to “a bowl filled with large amount of food” may be cognate with どんぶり (donburi), an onomatopoeia of something heavy plunking into deep water, or something big and soft plopping down, related to onomatopoeia どぶり (doburi), どぶん (dobun), どんぶ (donbu), and どん (don), all of generally similar meanings. The food starts with a large portion of rice, also referred to as 丼飯 (donburi meshi), which could be analyzed as “plopped-down rice”.
- Donburi is also used to refer to something “rough, approximate, not finely worked”, as in the phrase 丼勘定 (donburi kanjō, “rough approximation, loose estimate”). This is consistent with a derivation from the onomatopoeia, but not from the restaurant terms.
The kanji spelling shows 井 (“a well”) with a dot in the center, possibly indicating something thrown into the well. This could suggest that the Middle Chinese reading tomX may similarly derive from onomatopoeia.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- a simple large bowl for serving food
- a one-bowl meal served in a donburi bowl, consisting of a large portion of rice, covered in a meat or fish
Usage notes
[edit]To disambiguate, speakers may refer more specifically to donburibachi for the bowl, and donburi mono for the food.
English-language sources often refer to the food as similar to stew served over rice. Note, however, that stews consist of meat, fish, and/or vegetables cooked in a liquid and served with the sauce, whereas donburi toppings may be relatively dry, as in tempura donburi or beef donburi, or even uncooked, as in tekkadon (tuna sashimi donburi).
Synonyms
[edit]Synonyms
Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
Etymology 2
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 丼 |
| どん Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
Abbreviation of donburi above.[4][1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- When used as a suffix, the resulting term has a 平板型 (heiban-gata, “flat type”) or type 0 pitch accent pattern.
Noun
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]Seldom used as an independent noun. More commonly encountered as a suffix.
Suffix
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
- 鰻丼 (unadon): eel donburi
- 親子丼 (oyakodon): literally “parent and child donburi”: chicken and egg donburi, salmon and salmon roe donburi
- 牛丼 (gyūdon): beef donburi
- カツ丼 (katsudon): tonkatsu donburi
- カレー丼 (karēdon): curry donburi
- 中華丼 (chūkadon): Chinese-style donburi
- 鉄火丼 (tekkadon): tuna sashimi donburi
- 天丼 (tendon): tempura donburi
- 豚丼 (butadon): pork donburi
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]丼 (eum 정 (jeong))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]丼: Hán Nôm readings: tỉnh, đảm
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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