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tan

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Appendix:Variations of "tan"
Languages (37)
Translingual • English
Ainu • Breton • Catalan • Chuukese • Cornish • French • Fula • Galician • Haitian Creole • Hungarian • Iban • Japanese • Javanese • Jingpho • Mandarin • Middle Irish • Old English • Old French • Old Irish • Old Javanese • Old Occitan • Old Swedish • Pipil • Polish • Somali • Spanish • Sranan Tongo • Swedish • Turkish • Vietnamese • Welsh • Wolof • Yámana • Yogad • Zay
Page categories

Translingual

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Symbol

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tan

  1. (trigonometry) The trigonometric function tangent.

Usage notes

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The symbol tan is prescribed by the ISO 80000-2:2019 standard. The symbol tg, traditionally preferred in Eastern Europe and Russia, is explicitly deprecated by ISO 80000-2:2019.

Alternative forms

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English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from French tan (“tanbark”), from Gaulish *tannos (“green oak”) – compare Breton tann (“red oak”), Old Cornish tannen –, from Proto-Celtic *tannos (“green oak”), of uncertain origin, but perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)dʰonu (“fir”). Per this hypothesis, related to Hittite [script needed] (tanau, “fir”), Latin femur, genitive feminis (“thigh”), German Tann (“woods”), Tanne (“fir”), Albanian thanë (“cranberry bush”), Ancient Greek θάμνος (thámnos, “thicket”), Avestan 𐬚𐬀𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆 (θanuuarə), Sanskrit धनु (dhánu).

Noun

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tan (plural tans)

  1. A light, brown-like colour.
    tan:  
  2. A darkening of the skin resulting from exposure to sunlight or similar light sources.
    She still has a tan from her vacation in Mexico.
    I'm hoping to get a tan this weekend at the beach.
  3. The bark of an oak or other tree from which tannic acid is obtained.
    • 1848, John Hannett, Bibliopegia, or, The Art of Bookbinding in all its branches, page 65:
      In two pints of water boil one ounce of tan, and a like portion of nutgall till reduced to a pint.
Derived terms
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Translations
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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Adjective

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tan (comparative tanner, superlative tannest)

  1. Yellowish-brown.
    Mine is the white car parked next to the tan pickup truck.
  2. Having dark skin as a result of exposure to the sun or an artificial process intended to mimic this effect.
    Synonyms: suntanned, tanned
    You’re looking very tan this week.
Derived terms
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Translations
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Etymology 2

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As a verb, from Middle English tannen, from late Old English tannian (“to tan a hide”), from Latin tannare.

Verb

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tan (third-person singular simple present tans, present participle tanning, simple past and past participle tanned)

  1. (transitive, intransitive) To change to a tan colour due to exposure to the sun.
    No matter how long I stay out in the sun, I never tan, though I do burn.
  2. (transitive, stative) To change an animal hide into leather by soaking it in tannic acid.[1] To work as a tanner.
  3. (transitive, informal) To spank or beat.
    • 1876, Mark Twain, chapter 3, in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer:
      "Well, go 'long and play; but mind you get back some time in a week, or I'll tan you."
Derived terms
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Translations
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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
See also
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Etymology 3

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From a Brythonic language; influenced in form by yan (“one”) in the same series.

Numeral

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tan

  1. (dialect, rare) The second cardinal number two, formerly used in Celtic areas, especially Cumbria and parts of Yorkshire, for counting sheep, and stitches in knitting.[2]

Etymology 4

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Borrowed from Armenian թան (tʻan).

Noun

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tan

  2. An Armenian drink made of yoghurt and water similar to airan and doogh
Translations
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Etymology 5

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Borrowed from Cantonese 擔／担 (daam3).

Noun

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tan (usually uncountable, plural tans)

  1. Synonym of picul, particularly in Cantonese contexts.

Etymology 6

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From Middle English *tan, from Old English tān (“twig, shoot, switch”), from Proto-West Germanic *tain, from Proto-Germanic *tainaz (“rod, twig, straw, lot”).

Noun

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tan (plural tans)

  2. (dialectal) A twig or small switch.
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Etymology 7

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It may either be a figurative use of the usual verb tan (“to cause to acquire a brownish colour”) or a Jamaican Creole pronunciation of turn, compare bun (“to kill particularly by gunshot”).

Verb

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tan (third-person singular simple present tans, present participle tanning, simple past and past participle tanned)

  1. (transitive, MLE, slang) To kill by gun, to shoot.
    • 2019 September 29, Moscow17 (lyrics and music), “All For The Cause”‎[1]:
      Step on the wing, see an opp and I'll whack it
      Do it like Super Savage
      Who's the yute I Jet-Li-rise that dots and tan him (whoosh)
      Rise that dots and tan him

References

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  1. ^ See Wikipedia article on Tanning.
  2. ^ See Wikipedia article on Yan Tan Tethera

See also

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Anagrams

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Ainu

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From ta (“this”) +‎ an (“is”), literally “this being”.

Pronunciation

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Determiner

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tan (Kana spelling タン, plural tanokay)

  1. (demonstrative) this

Derived terms

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See also

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Ainu demonstrative adjectives
Ainu demonstrative adjectives[1]
pronoun number
singular plural
this tan, taan tanokay, taokay, taoka (Saru)
that neyan, neya, nea (Saru) neyokay, nerok
that (distal) toan tonokay, tookay, tooka (Saru)
Notes
  1. ^ The noun form is formed by adding pe, for objects (ex.: tanpe, "this thing"), or kur, for persons (ex.: tan kur, "this person").

Breton

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Etymology

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From Middle Breton tan, from Old Breton tan, from Proto-Brythonic *tan, from Proto-Celtic *teɸnets (“fire”) (compare Old Irish teine, Welsh tân).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tan m (plural tanioù)

  1. fire

Inflection

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The template Template:br-noun-mutation does not use the parameter(s): 
g=m
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.

Mutation of tan
unmutated soft aspirate hard
singular tan dan zan unchanged
plural tanioù danioù zanioù unchanged

Catalan

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Pronunciation

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Adverb

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tan

  1. so, such
  2. (in comparisons, tan ... com) as ... as

Derived terms

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  • tant (“so much, so many”)

Further reading

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Chuukese

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Noun

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tan

  1. dream

Cornish

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Etymology

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From Middle Cornish tan, from Old Cornish tan, from Proto-Brythonic *tan, from Proto-Celtic *teɸnets (“fire”) (compare Old Irish teine, Welsh tân).

Noun

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tan m (plural tanow)

  1. fire

Mutation

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Mutation of tan
unmutated soft aspirate hard mixed mixed after 'th
tan dan than unchanged unchanged unchanged

French

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Latin tannum (“oak bark”), from Gaulish *tannos (“oak”), from Proto-Celtic *tannos (“green oak”).

Noun

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tan m (plural tans)

  1. pulped oak bark used in the tanning process (i.e. of tanning leather)
Derived terms
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Further reading

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Etymology 2

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Blend of ton +‎ ta.

Determiner

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tan n (singular, plural tes)

  1. (gender-neutral, neologism) your
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French possessive determiners
Possessee
singular plural
m f
Possessor singular 1st mon1 ma mes
2nd ton1 ta tes
3rd son1 sa ses
plural 1st notre nos
2nd votre2 vos2
3rd leur leurs
1 Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel or mute h.
2 Also used as the polite singular form.
For the singular persons there are gender-neutral neologisms man, tan, san. These are extremely rare.
See also
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Fula

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adjective

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tan

  1. only

Usage notes

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Adverb

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tan

  1. only

Usage notes

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References

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  • M.O. Diodi, Dictionnaire bilingue fulfuldé-français, français-fulfuldé, Niger(?), 1994.
  • M. Niang, Pulaar-English English-Pulaar Standard Dictionary, New York: Hippocrene Books, 1997.
  • D. Osborn, D. Dwyer, and J. Donohoe, A Fulfulde (Maasina)-English-French Lexicon: A Root-Based Compilation Drawn from Extant Sources Followed by English-Fulfulde and French-Fulfulde Listings, East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1993.
  • F.W. de St. Croix and the Centre for the Study of Nigerian Languages, Bayero University, Fulfulde-English Dictionary, Kano: The Centre, 1998.
  • F.W. Taylor, Fulani-English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, 1932. (New York:Hippocrene Books, 2005)

Galician

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Etymology

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Inherited from Latin tam.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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tan

  1. so, as (in comparisons)

Usage notes

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  • Usually paired with como and coma, as tan […] como/coma

Haitian Creole

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Etymology

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From French temps (“time, weather”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tan

  1. time
  2. weather

Hungarian

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Etymology

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Back-formation from tanít, tanul, etc. Created during the Hungarian language reform, which took place in the 18th–19th centuries.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tan (plural tanok)

  1. doctrine, lore
  2. science of, theory, branch of instruction
  3. (as a suffix in compounds) -logy, -ology, -graphy (a branch of learning; a study of a particular subject)
    Synonym: tudomány
  4. (as a prefix in compounds) educational, academic
    Synonym: tanulmányi

Declension

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Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative tan tanok
accusative tant tanokat
dative tannak tanoknak
instrumental tannal tanokkal
causal-final tanért tanokért
translative tanná tanokká
terminative tanig tanokig
essive-formal tanként tanokként
essive-modal — —
inessive tanban tanokban
superessive tanon tanokon
adessive tannál tanoknál
illative tanba tanokba
sublative tanra tanokra
allative tanhoz tanokhoz
elative tanból tanokból
delative tanról tanokról
ablative tantól tanoktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		tané tanoké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		tanéi tanokéi
Possessive forms of tan
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. tanom tanaim
2nd person sing. tanod tanaid
3rd person sing. tana tanai
1st person plural tanunk tanaink
2nd person plural tanotok tanaitok
3rd person plural tanuk tanaik

Derived terms

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Compound words with this term at the beginning
Compound words with this term at the end

Further reading

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  • tan in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Iban

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Etymology

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From Proto-Malayic *tahən, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqan (“to hold back”).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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tan

  1. resistant (not easily damaged)
  2. perseverant
  3. undamaged
  4. invincible
  5. detained

Verb

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tan

  1. to arrest; to detain
  2. to hold on someone
  3. to stop something/someone

Derived terms

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Japanese

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Romanization

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tan

  1. Rōmaji transcription of たん

Javanese

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Romanization

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tan

  1. Romanization of ꦠꦤ꧀

Jingpho

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Burmese တန်း (tan:).

Noun

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tan

  1. class

References

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  • Kurabe, Keita (2016 December 31) “Phonology of Burmese loanwords in Jinghpaw”, in Kyoto University Linguistic Research‎[2], volume 35, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 91–128

Mandarin

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Romanization

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tan

  1. Nonstandard spelling of tān.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of tán.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of tǎn.
  4. Nonstandard spelling of tàn.

Usage notes

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  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Middle Irish

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Etymology

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From Old Irish tan, from Proto-Celtic *tanā (“(point in) time”), from Proto-Indo-European *tn̥néh₂, from *ten- (“to stretch”).

Noun

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tan f

  1. (point in) time

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Irish: tan

Further reading

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Old English

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *tain.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tān m

  1. twig, branch

Declension

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Strong a-stem:

singular plural
nominative tān tānas
accusative tān tānas
genitive tānes tāna
dative tāne tānum

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Old French

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Etymology

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From Gaulish *tannos (attested in the place names Tannetum and Tannogilum), from Proto-Celtic *tannos (“green oak”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tan oblique singular, m (oblique plural tans, nominative singular tans, nominative plural tan)

  1. pulped oak bark used in the tanning process (i.e. of tanning leather)

Old Irish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Celtic *tanā (“(point in) time”), from Proto-Indo-European *tn̥néh₂, from *ten- (“to stretch”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tan f

  1. (point in) time

Declension

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Feminine ā-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative tanL tainL tanaH
Vocative tanL tainL tanaH
Accusative tainN tainL tanaH
Genitive taineH tanL tanN
Dative tainL tanaib tanaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Further reading

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Old Javanese

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /tan/
  • Hyphenation: tan

Adverb

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tan

  1. not

Adjective

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tan

  1. not

Alternative forms

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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Further reading

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  • "tan" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Old Occitan

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Latin tantus.

Adverb

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tan

  1. such; so much; to such an extent

Adjective

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tan

  1. such; so much

References

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Old Swedish

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Etymology

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From Old Norse tǫnn, from Proto-Germanic *tanþs.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tan f

  1. tooth

Declension

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Declension of tan (consonant stem)
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative tan tannin tænder tændrina(r), -rena(r)
accusative tan tannina, -ena tænder tændrina(r), -rena(r)
dative tan, tanne tanninni, -inne tannum, -om tannumin, -omen
genitive tanna(r) inna(r) tanna tannanna

Descendants

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Pipil

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Etymology

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Compare Classical Nahuatl tlantli (“tooth, teeth”).

Noun

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-tan (plural -tajtan)

  1. tooth
  2. (in the plural) dentition

Further reading

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  • Campbell, L. (1985). The Pipil Language of El Salvador. Mouton De Gruyter.
  • Lara-Martínez, R., McCallister, R. Glosario cultural náwat pipil y nicarao.

Polish

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Etymology

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Back-formation from taniec.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tan m inan

  1. (archaic, humorous, usually in the plural) dance
    Synonym: taniec

Declension

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Declension of tan
singular plural
nominative tan tany
genitive tanu tanów
dative tanowi tanom
accusative tan tany
instrumental tanem tanami
locative tanie tanach
vocative tanie tany

Derived terms

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verbs
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adjectives
nouns
verbs

Further reading

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  • tan in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • tan in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Somali

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Determiner

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tan

  1. this (feminine)

Spanish

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Etymology

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Inherited from Latin tam.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈtan/ [ˈt̪ãn]
  • Rhymes: -an
  • Syllabification: tan

Adverb

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tan

  1. so, as
    Eres tan rico como te sientes.
    You are as rich as you feel.
  2. very
    Lo único en lo que puedo pensar es en tu cara tan triste.
    All I can think about is your very sad face.

Usage notes

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Usually paired with como: tan […] como (“as […] as”) or with que: tan […] que (“so […] that”).

Determiner

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tan

  1. such, such a
    ¡Ese tipo es tan patán!
    That guy is such a jerk!

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Sranan Tongo

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Etymology

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From English stand.

Verb

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tan

  1. to stay, to reside
  2. to stay, to remain in a state

Swedish

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Verb

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tan

  1. (archaic or dialectal) second-person plural imperative of ta

Turkish

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Etymology

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From Ottoman Turkish طاڭ (taŋ), from Common Turkic *taŋ.

Noun

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tan (definite accusative tanı, plural tanlar)

  1. dawn, twilight
    O gece tan yeri ağırana kadar selâmettir. ― On that night, there is peace till twilight.

Declension

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Inflection
Nominative tan
Definite accusative tanı
Singular Plural
Nominative tan tanlar
Definite accusative tanı tanları
Dative tana tanlara
Locative tanda tanlarda
Ablative tandan tanlardan
Genitive tanın tanların
Possessive forms
Nominative
Singular Plural
1st singular tanım tanlarım
2nd singular tanın tanların
3rd singular tanı tanları
1st plural tanımız tanlarımız
2nd plural tanınız tanlarınız
3rd plural tanları tanları
Definite accusative
Singular Plural
1st singular tanımı tanlarımı
2nd singular tanını tanlarını
3rd singular tanını tanlarını
1st plural tanımızı tanlarımızı
2nd plural tanınızı tanlarınızı
3rd plural tanlarını tanlarını
Dative
Singular Plural
1st singular tanıma tanlarıma
2nd singular tanına tanlarına
3rd singular tanına tanlarına
1st plural tanımıza tanlarımıza
2nd plural tanınıza tanlarınıza
3rd plural tanlarına tanlarına
Locative
Singular Plural
1st singular tanımda tanlarımda
2nd singular tanında tanlarında
3rd singular tanında tanlarında
1st plural tanımızda tanlarımızda
2nd plural tanınızda tanlarınızda
3rd plural tanlarında tanlarında
Ablative
Singular Plural
1st singular tanımdan tanlarımdan
2nd singular tanından tanlarından
3rd singular tanından tanlarından
1st plural tanımızdan tanlarımızdan
2nd plural tanınızdan tanlarınızdan
3rd plural tanlarından tanlarından
Genitive
Singular Plural
1st singular tanımın tanlarımın
2nd singular tanının tanlarının
3rd singular tanının tanlarının
1st plural tanımızın tanlarımızın
2nd plural tanınızın tanlarınızın
3rd plural tanlarının tanlarının

Synonyms

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Vietnamese

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Etymology

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Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 散 (SV: tán, tản).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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tan • (散, 㪚, 潵, 珊)

  1. to melt
  2. (in a liquid) to dissolve, dissipate
  3. (in certain expressions) to finish; to dismiss
    Chợ tan họp rồi.
    The market is closed.

Derived terms

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References

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Welsh

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle Welsh tan, from Proto-Brythonic *tan, from Proto-Celtic *tanai, dative of *tanā, from Proto-Indo-European *tn̥néh₂.

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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tan (triggers soft mutation on a following noun)

  1. until
  2. (literary) under
  3. while

Usage notes

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In literary Welsh, tan can mean both "under" and "until". In Welsh usage today, however, dan (originally the soft mutation of tan) has become a preposition in its own right with the meaning "under" whereas tan means "until", retaining the meaning "under" in certain expressions, compound words and place names. Modern dan or tan are not usually mutated. o dan is an alternative to dan.

Inflection

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Personal forms (literary)
Singular Plural
First person tanof tanom
Second person tanot tanoch
Third person tano m
tani f 		tanynt

See also

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Mutation

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Mutated forms of tan
radical soft nasal aspirate
tan dan nhan than

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “tan”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Wolof

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Noun

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tan (definite form tan mi)

  1. vulture

Yámana

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Noun

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tan

  1. earth, soil, dust, ground

Yogad

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Adverb

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tan

  1. more; -er

Zay

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Etymology

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Cognate to Silt'e [script needed] (tan).

Noun

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tan

  1. smoke (from a fire)

References

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  • Initial SLLE Survey of the Zway Area by Klaus Wedekind and Charlotte Wedekind
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