Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tainaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown; expected to reflect pre-Germanic *doynos. Kroonen connects *tiną (“tin”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɑi̯.nɑz/

Noun

*tainaz m

1. rod

   Synonyms: *furkaz, *galgô, *mastaz, *rōdō, *skaftaz, *spaluz, *spīrǭ, *stauraz

2. twig

   Synonyms: *telguz, *tōgô, *twīgą

3. straw

   Synonyms: *halmaz, *strawą

4. lot

   Synonyms: *hlautaz, *hlutą

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *tainaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*tainaz	*tainōz, *tainōs
vocative	*tain	*tainōz, *tainōs
accusative	*tainą	*tainanz
genitive	*tainas, *tainis	*tainǫ̂
dative	*tainai	*tainamaz
instrumental	*tainō	*tainamiz

Derived terms

• *tainijǭ

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *tain
  • Old English: tān
    • Middle English: *tan
      • English: tan (“twig, small switch”)
    • ⇒ Old English: misteltān
      • Middle English: mistelta, mistilte, mistelto, mystiltyne, mystilltyn, mystyldene
        • Scots: misseldeu, messeldeu
        • English: mistletoe
  • Old Frisian: *tēn
    • ⇒ Saterland Frisian: Täinelse (“garden fence woven from willow rods”)
    • West Frisian: tien
  • Old Saxon: tēn
    • Middle Low German: tên
  • Old Dutch: *tēn
    • Middle Dutch: têne
      • Dutch: teen
      • Limburgish: tieën
  • Old High German: zein
    • Middle High German: zein
      • German: Zein, Zain
• Old Norse: teinn
  • Icelandic: teinn
  • Faroese: teinur
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: tein; (dialectal) teidn, tæn
    • → Norwegian Bokmål: tein
  • Old Swedish: tēn
    • Swedish: ten
  • Danish: ten
    • Norwegian Bokmål: ten
• Gothic: 𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (tains)
• → Proto-Finnic: *taina (see there for further descendants)