Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tiną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Of obscure origin, but would have likely evolved from Pre-Proto-Germanic *dinom, which Orel derives from Proto-Indo-European *deyh₂- (“to shine”); see Sanskrit दीप् (dīp, “to blaze, glow”) for more.^[1] Another theory takes the word as a borrowing from a pre-Indo-European substrate of western Europe, based on the tin bronze technology of the area in pre-Indo-European times.^[2]

Likely related to Old Irish tinne (“ingot”) (itself a hapax legomenon).^[3] The potential connection to Proto-Celtic *stagnos (“tin”) (whence Latin stannum (“id”)) suffers from many formal issues.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈti.nɑ̃/

Noun

*tiną n

tin (metal)

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *tiną (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*tiną	*tinō
vocative	*tiną	*tinō
accusative	*tiną	*tinō
genitive	tinas, tinis	*tinǫ̂
dative	*tinai	*tinamaz
instrumental	*tinō	*tinamiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *tin
- Old English: tin
  - Middle English: tyn, tin, tyne, tynne
    - English: tin
      - → Atong (India): tin
      - → Iban: tin
      - → Indonesian: tin
      - → Norman: tinne
      - Tok Pisin: tin
    - Scots: tin
- Old Frisian: tinn
  - Saterland Frisian: Tin
  - West Frisian: tin
- Old Saxon: tin
  - Middle Low German: tin, ten
    - German Low German: Tinn
- Old Dutch: *tin
  - Middle Dutch: tin, ten
    - Dutch: tin
      - Afrikaans: tin
- Old High German: zin
  - Middle High German: zin
    - Central Franconian:
      Hunsrik: Zinn
    - German: Zinn
      - → Czech: cín
      - → Polish: cyna
      - → Slovak: cín
    - Luxembourgish: Zënn
>? Old Norse: (probably a West Germanic loan) tin
- Icelandic: tin
- Faroese: tin
- Norwegian Nynorsk: tinn
- Norwegian Bokmål: tinn
- Old Swedish: tin, tēn
  - Swedish: tenn
- Danish: tin
- Jamtish: tin
→ Proto-Samic: *tënē (see there for further descendants)
→ Proto-Finnic: *tina

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*tinan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 407
^ “tin”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*tina-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 517-8

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*tinan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 407

[2] “tin”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.

[3] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*tina-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 517-8

[1]

[2]

[3]