Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stauraz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-u-ró-s (“pole”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”). Compare, in particular, Ancient Greek σταυρός (staurós, “pale, stake”), Latin īnstaurō (“to set up, erect”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈstɑu̯.rɑz/

Noun

*stauraz m

2. stake

   Synonyms: *furkaz, *stakô

3. rod, pole

   Synonyms: *furkaz, *galgô, *mastaz, *rōdō, *skaftaz, *spaluz, *spīrǭ, *tainaz

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *stauraz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*stauraz	*staurōz, *staurōs
vocative	*staur	*staurōz, *staurōs
accusative	*staurą	*stauranz
genitive	*stauras, *stauris	*staurǫ̂
dative	*staurai	*stauramaz
instrumental	*staurō	*stauramiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic:
  • Middle Low German: stūr
• Old Norse: staurr
  • Danish: stør
  • Faroese: steyrur
  • Icelandic: staur
  • → Middle English: stoure
    • English: stour (“stake”)
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: staur
  • Norwegian Bokmål: staur
  • Old Swedish: stūr
    • Swedish: stör
• → Proto-Finnic: *sapra (see there for further descendants)

Etymology 2

Apparently from Proto-Indo-European *(s)towr-o-s, from *(s)tewrH-, *(s)twerH- (“to stir up, agitate”), though Kroonen assigns no etymology and compares only Latvian stũrs (“stubborn, unruly”), which he considers potentially loaned from the Germanic.

Noun

*stauraz m

2. (West Germanic) destruction
3. (West Germanic) disturbance

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *stauraz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*stauraz	*staurōz, *staurōs
vocative	*staur	*staurōz, *staurōs
accusative	*staurą	*stauranz
genitive	*stauras, *stauris	*staurǫ̂
dative	*staurai	*stauramaz
instrumental	*staurō	*stauramiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *staur
  • Old Dutch: *stōr
    • Middle Dutch: stoor