Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/galgô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰolgʰ- ~ *ǵʰolg- (“long switch, rod, shaft, pole, perch”), a root with irregular variation. Cognate with Old Armenian ձաղկ (jałk).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣal.ɣɔːː/

Noun

*galgô m

1. a gallows, gibbet

   Synonyms: *galgatrewą, *wargatrewą

2. a rod, pole, stake

   Synonyms: *rōdō, *skaftaz, *spaluz, *stakô, *stauraz, *tainaz

3. a beam, cross-beam, rafter

   Synonyms: *bagmaz, *balkô

Inflection

masculine an-stemDeclension of *galgô (masculine an-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*galgô	*galganiz
vocative	*galgô	*galganiz
accusative	*galganų	*galganunz
genitive	*galginiz	*galganǫ̂
dative	*galgini	*galgammaz
instrumental	*galginē	*galgammiz

Derived terms

• *galgatrewą

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *galgō
  • Old English: ġealga, galga — Anglian
    • Middle English: galwes, galwe, galowe, galewes
      • Scots: galow, gallo, gallows
      • English: gallow, gallows
  • Old Frisian: galga
    • North Frisian: gulig
    • Saterland Frisian: Galge
    • West Frisian: galge
  • Old Saxon: galgo
    • Middle Low German: galge
      • German Low German: Galge, Galg
      • Low German: Galgen
      • Plautdietsch: Gaulj
  • Old Dutch: *galga
    • Middle Dutch: galge
      • Dutch: galg
  • Old High German: galgo, galga
    • Middle High German: galge
      • Alemannic German: Galge
      • German: Galgen
        • → Serbo-Croatian:

          Cyrillic script: галге

          Latin script: galge

      • Luxembourgish: Gaalgen
  • → Old French: jauge, gauge
    • Middle French: jauge
      • French: jauge
    • → Galician: galgar
    • → Middle English: gauge, gage
      • Scots: gauge
      • English: gauge
• Old Norse: galgi
  • Icelandic: gálgi
  • Faroese: gálgi
  • Norwegian: galge
  • Old Swedish: galghe, ᚵᛆᛚᚵᚼᚽ
    • Swedish: galge
  • Danish: galge
  • Gutnish: galge
• Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌲𐌰 (galga)

References

• Vladimir Orel (2003) “*ʒalʒōn”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 124