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lord

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Lord and LORD

English

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Etymology

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From Middle English lord and lorde (attested from the 15th century), from earlier (14th century) lourde and other variants which dropped the intervocalic consonant of earlier lowerd, louerd, loverd, laford, and lhoaverd; from Old English hlāford < hlāfweard, a compound of hlāf (“bread”) + weard (“guardian”); see loaf and ward. The term was already being applied broadly prior to the literary development of Old English and was influenced by its common use to translate Latin dominus. Compare Scots laird (“lord”), preserving a separate vowel development (from northern/Scottish Middle English lard, laverd), the Old English compound hlāf-ǣta (“servant”, literally “bread-eater”), and modern English lady, from Old English hlǣfdīġe (“bread-kneader”).[1] The Middle English word laford was borrowed by Icelandic, where it survives as lávarður. Doublet of hlaford and laird.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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lord (plural lords)

  1. (obsolete) The master of the servants of a household; (historical) the master of a feudal manor
    1. (archaic) The male head of a household, a father or husband.
    2. (archaic) The owner of a house, piece of land, or other possession
      • 1480, Waterford Archives in the 10th Report of the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts (1885), App. v. 316
        All suche lordes as have gutters betuxte thar houses.
      • ante 1637, Ben Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. i. 36
        A mightie Lord of Swine!
      • 1697, Virgil, “The Twelfth Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:
        Turnus […]
        Wrench'd from his feeble hold the shining Sword;
        And plung'd it in the Bosom of its Lord.
      • 1874, J. H. Collins, “Principles of Metal Mining”, in Gloss, published 1875, 139/2:
        Lord, the owner of the land in which a mine is situated is called the ‘lord’.
  2. One possessing similar mastery over others; (historical) any feudal superior generally; any nobleman or aristocrat; any chief, prince, or sovereign ruler; in Scotland, a male member of the lowest rank of nobility (the equivalent rank in England is baron)
    • c. 893, Orosius's History, i. i. §13
      Ohthere sæde his hlaforde, Ælfrede cyninge, þæt...
    • 1530, John Palsgrave, Lesclarcissement, 680/1:
      It is a pytuouse case... whan subjectes rebell agaynst their naturall lorde.
    • 1667, John Milton, “Book XII”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:
      Man over men He made not Lord.
    1. (historical) A feudal tenant holding his manor directly of the king
    2. A peer of the realm, particularly a temporal one
    3. (obsolete, uncommon) A baron or lesser nobleman, as opposed to greater ones
      • 1526, W. Bonde, Pylgrimage of Perfection, i. sig. Bviiiv
        Farre excellyng the state of lordes, erles, dukes or kynges.
      • 1826, Benjamin Disraeli, Vivian Grey, II. iii. iii. 26:
        The Marquess played off the two Lords and the Baronet against his former friend.
  3. One possessing similar mastery in figurative senses (esp. as lord of ~)
    • ante 1300, Cursor Mundi, 782
      O wityng bath god and ill Ȝee suld be lauerds at ȝour will.
    • 1398, Bartholomew de Glanville, translated by John Trevisa, De Proprietatibus Rerum, published 1495, viii. xvi. 322:
      The sonne is the lorde of planetes.
    • 1697, Virgil, “The Third Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:
      Love is Lord of all.
    • 1895, Kenneth Graham, The Golden Age, London, page 8:
      The masterful wind was up and out, shouting and chasing, the lord of the morning.
    • 1992 November 18, Larry David, Seinfeld, 4.11: "The Contest":
      But are you still master of your domain?
      I am king of the county. You?
      Lord of the manor.
    1. A magnate of a trade or profession.
      The Tobacco Lords were a group of Scottish merchants and slave traders who in the 18th century made enormous fortunes by trading in tobacco.
      • 1823, W. Cobbett, Rural Rides, published 1885, I. 399:
        Oh, Oh! The cotton Lords are tearing!
  4. (astrology) The heavenly body considered to possess a dominant influence over an event, time, etc.
  5. (British, slang, obsolete) A hunchback.
    • 1699, B.E., A new dictionary of the terms ancient and modern of the canting crew:
      Lord, a very crooked, deformed... Person.
  6. (British, Australia, via Cockney rhyming slang, obsolete) Sixpence.
    • 1933 November 16, Times Literary Supplement, 782/1:
      Twenty years ago you might hear a sixpence described as a ‘Lord’ meaning ‘Lord of the Manor’; that is, a tanner.

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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Translations

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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

See also

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Verb

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lord (third-person singular simple present lords, present participle lording, simple past and past participle lorded)

  1. (intransitive and transitive) To domineer or act like a lord.
  2. (transitive) To invest with the dignity, power, and privileges of a lord; to grant the title of lord.
    • c. 1610–1611, William Shakespeare, The Tempest, act 1, scene 2:
      He being thus lorded / Not only with what my revenue yielded, / But what my power might else exact, […] / he did believe / He was indeed the Duke

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Translations

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References

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  1. ^ Oxford English Dictionary, 1st ed. "lord, n.". Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1903.

Faroese

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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lord

  1. indefinite accusative singular of lordur

Hungarian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English lord.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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lord (plural lordok)

  1. an English peer of the realm or nobleman

Declension

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Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative lord lordok
accusative lordot lordokat
dative lordnak lordoknak
instrumental lorddal lordokkal
causal-final lordért lordokért
translative lorddá lordokká
terminative lordig lordokig
essive-formal lordként lordokként
essive-modal — —
inessive lordban lordokban
superessive lordon lordokon
adessive lordnál lordoknál
illative lordba lordokba
sublative lordra lordokra
allative lordhoz lordokhoz
elative lordból lordokból
delative lordról lordokról
ablative lordtól lordoktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		lordé lordoké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		lordéi lordokéi
Possessive forms of lord
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. lordom lordjaim
2nd person sing. lordod lordjaid
3rd person sing. lordja lordjai
1st person plural lordunk lordjaink
2nd person plural lordotok lordjaitok
3rd person plural lordjuk lordjaik

References

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  1. ^ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN

Further reading

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  • lord in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Italian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English lord.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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lord m (invariable)

  1. lord (British aristocrat)
  2. gentleman

References

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  1. ^ lord in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old English hlāford, hlāfweard, in turn from hlāf (“bread, loaf”) + weard (“ward, guardian, keeper”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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lord (plural lordes)

  1. lord (important man)
  2. Lord (title of God)

Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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Proper noun

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lord

  1. (Christianity) Lord: Jesus Christ, God the Son

Interjection

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lord

  1. (originally an invocation) Lord: an interjection variously expressing astonishment, surprise, resignation

See also

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Polish

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Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Etymology

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Borrowed from English lord, from Middle English lord and lorde, from lourde, from lowerd, louerd, loverd, laford, lhoaverd, from Old English hlāford, from hlāfweard.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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lord m pers

  1. Lord (aristocratic title for a man)
  2. lord (aristocrat)
  3. lord (titled nobleman)

Declension

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Declension of lord
singular plural
nominative lord lordowie
genitive lorda lordów
dative lordowi lordom
accusative lorda lordów
instrumental lordem lordami
locative lordzie lordach
vocative lordzie lordowie
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adjective
nouns

Further reading

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  • lord in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • lord in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English lord or French lord.

Noun

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lord m (plural lorzi)

  1. lord

Declension

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singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative-accusative lord lordul lorzi lorzii
genitive-dative lord lordului lorzi lorzilor
vocative lordule lorzilor

Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English lord.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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lȍrd m (Cyrillic spelling ло̏рд)

  1. lord (British title)

Declension

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Declension of lord
singular plural
nominative lȍrd lòrdovi
genitive lorda lòrdōvā
dative lordu lordovima
accusative lorda lordove
vocative lorde lordovi
locative lordu lordovima
instrumental lordom lordovima

References

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  • “lord”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

Spanish

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English lord.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈloɾd/ [ˈloɾð̞]
    • Rhymes: -oɾd
    • Syllabification: lord
  • IPA(key): /ˈloɾ/ [ˈloɾ]

Noun

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lord m (plural lores)

  1. lord (British title)
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Further reading

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Turkish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Ottoman Turkish لورد (lord), from English lord, from Middle English lord, lorde, from Old English hlāford, hlāfweard, a compound of hlāf (“bread”) + weard (“guardian”)

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ɫoɾd]
  • Hyphenation: lord

Noun

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lord (definite accusative lordu, plural lordlar)

  1. lord
    Hypernym: asilzade
  2. (slang) filthy rich
  3. (rhetoric) big daddy

Declension

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Inflection
Nominative lord
Definite accusative lordu
Singular Plural
Nominative lord lordlar
Definite accusative lordu lordları
Dative lorda lordlara
Locative lordda lordlarda
Ablative lorddan lordlardan
Genitive lordun lordların
Possessive forms
Nominative
Singular Plural
1st singular lordum lordlarım
2nd singular lordun lordların
3rd singular lordu lordları
1st plural lordumuz lordlarımız
2nd plural lordunuz lordlarınız
3rd plural lordları lordları
Definite accusative
Singular Plural
1st singular lordumu lordlarımı
2nd singular lordunu lordlarını
3rd singular lordunu lordlarını
1st plural lordumuzu lordlarımızı
2nd plural lordunuzu lordlarınızı
3rd plural lordlarını lordlarını
Dative
Singular Plural
1st singular lorduma lordlarıma
2nd singular lorduna lordlarına
3rd singular lorduna lordlarına
1st plural lordumuza lordlarımıza
2nd plural lordunuza lordlarınıza
3rd plural lordlarına lordlarına
Locative
Singular Plural
1st singular lordumda lordlarımda
2nd singular lordunda lordlarında
3rd singular lordunda lordlarında
1st plural lordumuzda lordlarımızda
2nd plural lordunuzda lordlarınızda
3rd plural lordlarında lordlarında
Ablative
Singular Plural
1st singular lordumdan lordlarımdan
2nd singular lordundan lordlarından
3rd singular lordundan lordlarından
1st plural lordumuzdan lordlarımızdan
2nd plural lordunuzdan lordlarınızdan
3rd plural lordlarından lordlarından
Genitive
Singular Plural
1st singular lordumun lordlarımın
2nd singular lordunun lordlarının
3rd singular lordunun lordlarının
1st plural lordumuzun lordlarımızın
2nd plural lordunuzun lordlarınızın
3rd plural lordlarının lordlarının
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