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gentleman

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Gentleman and gentlemän

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

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From Middle English gentilman, morphologically gentle +‎ man, partial calque of Old French gentilhome.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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gentleman (plural gentlemen)

  1. (chiefly historical) A man of gentle but not noble birth, particularly a man of means (originally ownership of property) who does not work for a living but has no official status in a peerage; (UK law) an armiferous man ranking below a knight.
    Being a gentleman, Robert was entitled to shove other commoners into the gongpit but he still had to jump out of the way of the knights to avoid the same fate himself.
    • c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene ii:
      And when their ſcattered armie is ſubdu’d:
      And you march on their ſlaughtered carkaſſes,
      Share equally the gold that bought their liues,
      And liue like Gentlmen in Perſea, […]
    • 1593, anonymous author, The Life and Death of Iacke Straw […], Act I:
      But when Adam delued, and Eue ſpan,
      VVho was then a Gentleman?
    • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter VII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
      “ […] This is Mr. Churchill, who, as you are aware, is good enough to come to us for his diaconate, and, as we hope, for much longer; and being a gentleman of independent means, he declines to take any payment.” Saying this Walden rubbed his hands together and smiled contentedly.
  2. Any well-bred, well-mannered, or charming man.
    • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter VIII, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:
      I corralled the judge, and we started off across the fields, in no very mild state of fear of that gentleman's wife, whose vigilance was seldom relaxed.
    • 1915, G[eorge] A. Birmingham [pseudonym; James Owen Hannay], chapter I, in Gossamer, New York, N.Y.: George H. Doran Company, →OCLC:
      As a political system democracy seems to me extraordinarily foolish, […]. My servant is, so far as I am concerned, welcome to as many votes as he can get. […] I do not suppose that it matters much in reality whether laws are made by dukes or cornerboys, but I like, as far as possible, to associate with gentlemen in private life.
    • 2011, Mike Pappas, Growing Up the Greek Way in the Big Apple, page 103:
      She wanted to go see a movie called Gigi, which I was not too thrilled about. But being a gentleman, I bit my tongue and said, “Okay.”
  3. (derogatory) An effeminate or oversophisticated man.
    Synonyms: cockney, puss-gentleman, sissy; see also Thesaurus:effeminate man
    Well, la-di-da, aren't you just a proper gentleman?
  4. (polite term of address) Any man.
    Synonym: sahib
    Coordinate terms: lady, gentlewoman, (historical) gentlelady
    Please escort this gentleman to the gentlemen's room.
  5. (usually historical, sometimes derogatory) An amateur or dabbler in any field, particularly those of independent means.
    Synonym: dilettante
    • 2004, Mary N. Woods, “The First Professional: Benjamin Henry Latrobe”, in Keith L. Eggener, editor, American Architectural History: A Contemporary Reader, electronic edition, Routledge, →ISBN, page 119:
      Latrobe had extensive dealings with Jefferson, the most prominent gentleman-architect in the United States.
  6. (cricket) An amateur player, particularly one whose wealth permits him to forego payment.
    Coordinate terms: professional, (historical) player

Usage notes

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  • Although gentleman is used in reference to a man and gentlemen is used as a polite form of address to a group of men, it is more common to directly address a single gentleman as sir.
  • The singular possessive of the sense "any well-bred, well-mannered, or charming man" can appear in ad hoc compounds to describe a polite way of doing something; e.g. a "gentleman's sweep" when a dominant basketball team allowed the opponent one win in a series[1].

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Translations

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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Chinese

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Etymology

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From English gentleman.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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gentleman

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) gentlemanlike

See also

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Chinese Pidgin English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From English gentleman.

Noun

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gentleman

  1. A respectful term for a person of either sex: gentleman, lady
    • 1862, 唐景星 [Tong King-sing], 英語集全 [Chinese English Instructor], volume VI, marginalia, page 39; republished as “Pidgin English texts from the Chinese English Instructor”, in Michelle Li, Stephen Matthews, Geoff P. Smith, editors, Hong Kong Journal of Applied Linguistics‎[2], volume 10, number 1, 2005, pages 79-167:
      希郎温毡[sic – meaning ⿰口毡]地文'託其
      *hi1 long4 wan1 zhin1[zhen1] di6 man4 tok3 ki4
      He long one gentleman talkee.
      He is talking with a gentleman.

References

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  • Gow, W. S. P. (1924) Gow’s Guide to Shanghai, 1924: A Complete, Concise and Accurate Handbook of the City and District, Especially Compiled for the Use of Tourists and Commercial Visitors to the Far East, Shanghai, page 105: “Gentleman: does not always indicate the male sex. e.g. “outside have got two piece gentleman, one belong missee.” (Lunde.)”

French

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English gentleman.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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gentleman m (plural gentlemen or gentlemans)

  1. gentleman, especially an anglophone one

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Romanian

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Etymology

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Unadapted borrowing from English gentleman.

Noun

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gentleman m (plural gentlemeni)

  1. gentleman

Declension

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singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative-accusative gentleman gentlemanul gentlemeni gentlemenii
genitive-dative gentleman gentlemanului gentlemeni gentlemenilor
vocative gentlemanule gentlemenilor

Spanish

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Noun

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gentleman m (plural gentlémanes)

  1. British gentleman

Further reading

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Swedish

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Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sv

Etymology

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Borrowed from English gentleman.

Noun

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gentleman c

  1. a gentleman (refined, well-mannered man)
    Synonym: (plural, humorous) hängslemän
    en äkta gentleman
    a real gentleman

Declension

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Declension of gentleman
nominative genitive
singular indefinite gentleman gentlemans
definite gentlemannen gentlemannens
plural indefinite gentlemän gentlemäns
definite gentlemännen gentlemännens

Derived terms

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See also

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References

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Yola

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Etymology

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From Middle English gentilman.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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gentleman

  1. gentleman
    • 1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, in APPENDIX:
      Gentleman Broune,
      Gentleman Browne.

References

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  • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 126
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