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歸

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 帰 and 归
歸 U+6B78, 歸
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B78
← 歷
[U+6B77] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 歹 →
[U+6B79]

Translingual

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Traditional 歸
Shinjitai 帰
Simplified 归

Han character

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歸 (Kangxi radical 77, 止+14, 18 strokes, cangjie input 竹一尸一月 (HMSMB), four-corner 27127, composition ⿰⿱𠂤止帚)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 578, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16349
  • Dae Jaweon: page 968, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1446, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+6B78

Chinese

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trad. 歸
simp. 归
alternative forms
皈
𦤇
帰
㱕
㷌
皈
𦤇
帰
㱕
㷌
䢜
𨺔
𨺜
𢅨
𢅦
 

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 歸
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (追) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蘬 *kʰlul, *kʰrul, *kʰrulʔ
磓 *tuːl
塠 *tuːl
頧 *tuːl, *tuːlʔ
鴭 *tuːl
鎚 *tuːl, *dul, *duls
搥 *tuːl
縋 *dols
膇 *dols
槌 *dols, *dul
追 *tul
桘 *dul
巋 *kʰrul, *kʰrulʔ
歸 *klul

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 𠂤 (“ancient form of 師 (“troops”)”) + 帚 (“broom; sweep”) – to eradicate the enemy and return.

Some analyse the 帚 component in the oracle bone script as a ligature of 止 (“to stop, to cease”) and 方 (“peripheral tribes”), i.e. “(of tribes in the periphery) to cease enmity and submit”.

A 止 (“foot”) or 辵 (“walking”) component was further added in the bronze inscriptions.

Shuowen deems 𠂤 to be the phonetic component of this character.

Etymology 1

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Starostin and Schuessler (2007) consider this a possible derivative of 回 (OC *ɡuːl, “to revolve; to return”). Compared with Tibetan འཁོར ('khor, “circle; turn; to turn round; to return”) by Xue (2001) and Wang (2007).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • 1jy - colloquial (歸去);
  • 1kue - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 歸
Mandarin Beijing /kuei⁵⁵/
Harbin /kuei⁴⁴/
Tianjin /kuei²¹/
Jinan /kuei²¹³/
Qingdao /kue²¹³/
Zhengzhou /kuei²⁴/
Xi'an /kuei²¹/
Xining /kuɨ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /kuei⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /kuei³¹/
Ürümqi /kuei⁴⁴/
Wuhan /kuei⁵⁵/
Chengdu /kuei⁵⁵/
Guiyang /kuei⁵⁵/
Kunming /kuei⁴⁴/
Nanjing /kuəi³¹/
Hefei /kue²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /kuei¹¹/
Pingyao /kuei¹³/
Hohhot /kuei³¹/
Wu Shanghai /kue⁵³/
Suzhou /kue̞⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /kui³³/
Wenzhou /kai³³/
/t͡ɕy³³/ 當歸
Hui Shexian /kue³¹/
Tunxi /kue¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /kuei³³/
Xiangtan /kuəi³³/
Gan Nanchang /kui⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /kui⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /kui²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kwɐi⁵³/
Nanning /kʷɐi⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kwɐi⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kui⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kuoi⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ky⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kui³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /kui²³/
Rime
Character 歸
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 微 (21)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 舉韋切
Baxter kjw+j
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʉi/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʷɨi/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kiuəi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kuj/
Li
Rong 		/kiuəi/
Wang
Li 		/kĭwəi/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kwe̯i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		guī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gwai1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 歸
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		guī
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kjwɨj ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]ʷəj/
English return (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 歸
Reading # 1/1
No. 17748
Phonetic
component 		追
Rime
group 		微
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		歸
Old
Chinese 		/*klul/

Definitions

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歸

  1. to return (to a place); to come back to
  2. to return to (a person, a status); to revert to
  3. to submit to; to seek patronage
  4. to tend towards; to converge
    三三歸九／三三归九 [Cantonese]  ―  saam1 saam1 gwai1 gau2 [Jyutping]  ―  three time three equals nine (rhyme)
  5. to belong to
  6. (between identical verbs) despite; notwithstanding
    吵架歸吵架／吵架归吵架  ―  chǎojià guī chǎojià  ―  despite the quarreling
Usage notes
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Usually written as 皈 in Buddhist terms (皈依 (guīyī), 三皈 (sānguī), 皈正, etc.).

Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 回 (“to return; to come/go back”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 回, 歸
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 回, 返回, 回歸
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 回
Taiwan 回
Malaysia 回
Singapore 回
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 轉, 回
Guilin 回
Cantonese Guangzhou 返
Hong Kong 返
Macau 返
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 返
Taishan 返
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 返
Singapore (Guangfu) 返
Hakka Meixian 轉
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 轉
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 歸
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 轉
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 轉
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 轉
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 轉
Kuching (Hepo) 轉
Eastern Min Fuzhou 轉
Singapore (Fuqing) 轉
Southern Min Xiamen 轉, 倒
Quanzhou 轉
Zhangzhou 轉
Zhao'an 轉
Taipei 轉
New Taipei (Sanxia) 轉
Kaohsiung 轉
Yilan 轉
Changhua (Lukang) 轉
Taichung 轉
Tainan 轉
Hsinchu 轉
Kinmen 轉
Penghu (Magong) 轉
Penang (Hokkien) 轉
Singapore (Hokkien) 轉
Manila (Hokkien) 倒
Chaozhou 轉
Shantou 轉
Haifeng 轉
Singapore (Teochew) 轉
Wenchang 轉
Singapore (Hainanese) 轉
Wu Ningbo 回, 轉 rare

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of 歸 – see 愧 (“ashamed; conscience-stricken”).
(This character is an obsolete form of 愧).

Etymology 3

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For pronunciation and definitions of 歸 – see 饋 (“to present gift”).
(This character is an obsolete form of 饋).

Japanese

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Shinjitai

帰

Kyūjitai

歸

Kanji

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歸

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 帰)

  1. to return; to come back to

Readings

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Korean

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Hanja

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歸 (eumhun 돌아갈 귀 (doragal gwi))

  1. hanja form? of 귀 (“to return, to go back”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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歸: Hán Nôm readings: qui, quy

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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