jihad
Appearance
English
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Arabic جِهَاد (jihād, “struggle; effort”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- enPR: jĭ-hăd', jĭ-häd, jə-häd', jē'-häd, jē'-hăd, IPA(key): /d͡ʒɪˈhæd/, /d͡ʒɪˈhɑːd/, /d͡ʒəˈhɑːd/, /ˈd͡ʒiːhæd/, /ˈd͡ʒiːhɑːd/
Audio (Southern England): (file) - Rhymes: -æd, -ɑːd, -iːhæd, -iːhɑːd
Noun
[edit]jihad (countable and uncountable, plural jihads)
- (Islam) A holy war undertaken by Muslims.
- 1938 August 22, “Holy War”, in Time:
- Young Iraqis of both sects obeyed the imams' ruling last week by rushing to conscription offices in hot, dirty, dusty Bagdad to offer themselves or their money for the jihad.
- 1977, Alistair Horne, A Savage War of Peace, New York: Review Books, published 2006, page 26:
- Small groups of killers, the scent of blood in their nostrils, now fanned out by taxi, bicycle or even on horseback into the surrounding countryside, spreading the word that a general jihad, or ‘holy war’, had broken out.
- 2013 May 8, Mona Mahmood, Ian Black, The Guardian:
- The Jabhat al-Nusra media, with songs about jihad and martyrdom, is extremely influential.
- An aggressive campaign for an idea.
- 1984, 41:18 from the start, in Dune[1] (Science Fiction), spoken by Reverend Mother Ramallo, →OCLC:
- And now, the prophecy. One will come, the voice from the outer world, bringing the holy war, the jihad, which will cleanse the universe and bring us out of darkness.
- (Islam, theology) A personal spiritual struggle for self-improvement and/or against evil.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]holy war undertaken by Muslims
|
aggressive campaign
personal spiritual struggle
Verb
[edit]jihad (third-person singular simple present jihads, present participle jihading, simple past and past participle jihaded)
- To participate in a jihad.
See also
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Dutch
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Audio: (file)
Noun
[edit]jihad m (plural jihads, diminutive jihadje n)
- Alternative form of djihaad
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Finnish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Arabic جِهَاد (jihād).
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /ˈdʒihɑd/, [ˈdʒiɦɑ̝d]
- IPA(key): /ˈjihɑd/, [ˈjiɦɑ̝d]
- IPA(key): /ˈtsihɑd/, [ˈts̠iɦɑ̝d]
- Rhymes: -ihɑd
- Hyphenation(key): ji‧had
Noun
[edit]jihad
- jihad (Muslims' holy war)
Declension
[edit]Inflection of jihad (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | jihad | jihadit | |
genitive | jihadin | jihadien | |
partitive | jihadia | jihadeja | |
illative | jihadiin | jihadeihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | jihad | jihadit | |
accusative | nom. | jihad | jihadit |
gen. | jihadin | ||
genitive | jihadin | jihadien | |
partitive | jihadia | jihadeja | |
inessive | jihadissa | jihadeissa | |
elative | jihadista | jihadeista | |
illative | jihadiin | jihadeihin | |
adessive | jihadilla | jihadeilla | |
ablative | jihadilta | jihadeilta | |
allative | jihadille | jihadeille | |
essive | jihadina | jihadeina | |
translative | jihadiksi | jihadeiksi | |
abessive | jihaditta | jihadeitta | |
instructive | — | jihadein | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “jihad”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
French
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]jihad m (plural jihads)
- Alternative form of djihad
Italian
[edit]Noun
[edit]jihad m or f (invariable)
Portuguese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Unadapted borrowing from Arabic جِهَاد (jihād, “struggle; effort”).
Pronunciation
[edit]
Noun
[edit]jihad f (plural jihads)
Derived terms
[edit]Romanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]jihad n (plural jihaduri)
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | ||
nominative-accusative | jihad | jihadul | jihaduri | jihadurile | |
genitive-dative | jihad | jihadului | jihaduri | jihadurilor | |
vocative | jihadule | jihadurilor |
Swedish
[edit]Noun
[edit]jihad c or n
Usage notes
[edit]Almost always as "jihaden" (common gender) in the definite, though "ett jihad" is fairly common.
Declension
[edit]Declension of jihad
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]Tagalog
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Unadapted borrowing from Arabic جِهَاد (jihād, “struggle; effort”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Tagalog)
- Syllabification: ji‧had
Noun
[edit]jihad or jihád (Baybayin spelling ᜇ᜔ᜌᜒᜑᜇ᜔) (Islam)
See also
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “jihad”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024
- “jihad”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
Categories:
- English terms borrowed from Arabic
- English terms derived from Arabic
- English terms derived from the Arabic root ج ه د
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/æd
- Rhymes:English/æd/2 syllables
- Rhymes:English/ɑːd
- Rhymes:English/ɑːd/2 syllables
- Rhymes:English/iːhæd
- Rhymes:English/iːhæd/2 syllables
- Rhymes:English/iːhɑːd
- Rhymes:English/iːhɑːd/2 syllables
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- en:Islam
- English terms with quotations
- en:Theology
- English verbs
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -s
- Dutch masculine nouns
- nl:Islam
- Finnish terms borrowed from Arabic
- Finnish learned borrowings from Arabic
- Finnish terms derived from Arabic
- Finnish 2-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/ihɑd
- Rhymes:Finnish/ihɑd/2 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish nouns
- Finnish risti-type nominals
- fi:Islam
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
- French masculine nouns
- fr:Islam
- Italian lemmas
- Italian nouns
- Italian indeclinable nouns
- Italian countable nouns
- Italian terms spelled with J
- Italian masculine nouns
- Italian feminine nouns
- Italian nouns with multiple genders
- it:Islam
- Portuguese terms borrowed from Arabic
- Portuguese unadapted borrowings from Arabic
- Portuguese terms derived from Arabic
- Portuguese 2-syllable words
- Portuguese 3-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese 1-syllable words
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese countable nouns
- Portuguese feminine nouns
- pt:Islam
- Romanian terms borrowed from French
- Romanian terms derived from French
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian countable nouns
- Romanian neuter nouns
- ro:Islam
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns
- Swedish neuter nouns
- Swedish nouns with multiple genders
- sv:Islam
- Tagalog terms borrowed from Arabic
- Tagalog unadapted borrowings from Arabic
- Tagalog terms derived from Arabic
- Tagalog terms derived from the Arabic root ج ه د
- Tagalog 2-syllable words
- Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Tagalog/ihad
- Rhymes:Tagalog/ihad/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Tagalog/ad
- Rhymes:Tagalog/ad/2 syllables
- Tagalog terms with malumay pronunciation
- Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog nouns
- Tagalog terms with Baybayin script
- Tagalog terms spelled with J
- tl:Islam