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沒

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 没
沒 U+6C92, 沒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C92
← 沑
[U+6C91] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 沓 →
[U+6C93]

Translingual

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Stroke order
Japanese 没
Simplified 没
Traditional 沒

Han character

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沒 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 水弓水 (ENE), four-corner 37147, composition ⿰氵⿱勹又)

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Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 611, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17204
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1004, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1571, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+6C92

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 沒
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (沒) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
沒 *mɯːd
歿 *mɯːd
莈 *mɯːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mɯːd) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 𠬛 ().

Etymology 1

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trad. 沒/没
simp. 没
2nd round simp. 殳
alternative forms ⿰氵𠬛 1981 2nd round simp.

Possibly a colloquial variant of 勿 (MC mjut) or 未 (MC mj+jH), which fused with or was influenced by 有 (MC hjuwX); not derived from 沒 (OC *mɯːd, “to dive; to drown”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 沒
Mandarin Beijing /mei³⁵/
Harbin /mei²⁴/ ～人
/mei⁵³/ ～來
Tianjin /mei⁴⁵/ ～了
/mei⁵³/ ～走
Jinan /mei²¹³/ ～價
/mei⁴²/ ～的
Qingdao /mu⁴²/
Zhengzhou /mu⁴²/ 沉～
/mei²⁴/ ～法兒
Xi'an /mo²¹/
Xining /mɔ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /mu¹³/ ～有
/muə¹³/ 淹～
Lanzhou /mə¹³/
Ürümqi /mɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /mei²¹³/
Chengdu /mo³¹/
/mei¹³/
Guiyang /mei⁵⁵/ ～有
/mu²¹/ ～收
Kunming /mu²¹²/
Nanjing /moʔ⁵/ 沉～
/me²⁴/ ～有
Hefei /məʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /məʔ²/
Pingyao /mʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /məʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /məʔ¹/
Suzhou /məʔ³/
Hangzhou /məʔ²/
Wenzhou /mø²¹³/
Hui Shexian /mɔ²²/ 沉～
/miu³⁵/ (沒有)
Tunxi /mɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /mo²⁴/
Xiangtan /mæ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /mɨʔ⁵/ 埋～
Hakka Meixian /mut̚⁵/
Taoyuan /mut̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /mut̚²/
Nanning /mut̚²²/
Hong Kong /mut̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /but̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /muʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /mau²¹/
/mo⁴²/
Shantou (Teochew) /mok̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /muak̚⁵/

Definitions

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沒

  1. not have; there is not; to be without
    沒意思／没意思  ―  méiyìsī  ―  uninteresting [literally: to not have fun]
    已經沒了／已经没了  ―  yǐjīng méi le  ―  is already gone; there is already no more
    沒錢沒工作／没钱没工作  ―  méi qián méi gōngzuò  ―  to have no money and no job
    這兒沒人。／这儿没人。  ―  Zhèr méi rén.  ―  There's nobody here.
  2. to be not so ... as (when comparing)
    我沒你高。／我没你高。  ―  Wǒ méi nǐ gāo.  ―  I'm not as tall as you.
  3. less than; no more than
  4. Negative prefix for verb 有 (yǒu, “to have”).
    我沒有朋友。／我没有朋友。  ―  Wǒ méiyǒu péngyǒu.  ―  I have no friends.
  5. have not or did not (negative prefix for verbs, translated into other languages with verbs in the past tense)
    他沒來。／他没来。  ―  Tā méi lái.  ―  He didn't come.
    我還沒說完呢。／我还没说完呢。  ―  Wǒ hái méi shuō wán ne.  ―  I haven't finished talking.
    沒懂……／没懂……  ―  méi dǒng......  ―  I don't get it…
  6. (euphemistic, colloquial) to pass away

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 沒有 (“to not have (+ noun)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 無, 無有
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 沒有
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 沒有, 沒
Taiwan 沒有, 沒
Malaysia 沒有, 沒
Singapore 沒有, 沒
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 沒有, 沒
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 沒有
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 沒有, 沒
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 沒得, 莫得, 没有
Wuhan 冇得
Guiyang 沒得, 不得
Guilin 沒得
Liuzhou 沒得
Dagudi (Maliba) 不有
Reshuitang (Longling) 不有
Mae Salong (Lancang) 不有
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 不有
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 沒得
Yangzhou 不得, 沒得
Hefei 沒
Cantonese Guangzhou 冇, 冇有
Hong Kong 冇
Taishan 冇
Hepu (Lianzhou) 冇有
Hepu (Shatian) 冇有
Beihai 冇, 冇有
Beihai (Nankang) 冇
Beihai (Yingpan) 冇有
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 冇, 冇有
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 冇, 冇有
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 冇, 冇有
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 冇
Penang (Guangfu) 冇
Singapore (Guangfu) 冇
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 冇
Móng Cái 冇, 冇有
Gan Nanchang 冒有, 冇
Hakka Meixian 無
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 無
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 無
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 無
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 無
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 無
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 無
Singapore (Dabu) 無
Huizhou Jixi 沒
Jin Taiyuan 沒, 沒啦
Northern Min Jian'ou 無
Eastern Min Fuzhou 無
Singapore (Fuqing) 無
Sitiawan (Gutian) 無
Southern Min Xiamen 無
Quanzhou 無
Zhangzhou 無
Zhao'an 無
Taipei 無
New Taipei (Sanxia) 無
Kaohsiung 無
Yilan 無
Changhua (Lukang) 無
Taichung 無
Tainan 無
Hsinchu 無
Kinmen 無
Penghu (Magong) 無
Penang (Hokkien) 無
Singapore (Hokkien) 無
Manila (Hokkien) 無
Chaozhou 無
Shantou 無
Shantou (Chaoyang) 無
Jieyang 無
Haifeng 無
Bangkok (Teochew) 無
Singapore (Teochew) 無
Batam (Teochew) 無
Pontianak (Teochew) 無
Wenchang 無
Qionghai 無
Singapore (Hainanese) 無
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 無
Wu Shanghai 嘸沒, 嘸 dated
Suzhou 嘸不
Danyang 無則, 沒得
Hangzhou 沒有
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 嘸不
Shaoxing 唔有
Ningbo 嘸沒, 嘸 dated
Wenzhou 冇
Jinhua 嘸, 嘸沒
Xiang Changsha 冇得, 冇
Shuangfeng 冇得

See also

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Compounds

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Etymology 2

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trad. 沒/没
simp. 没
alternative forms 𣴬
𣳚
歿／殁

According to Schuessler (2007), formed from the convergence of two etyma:

Unrelated to etymology 1.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 沒
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 沒 (56)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 莫勃切
Baxter mwot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/muət̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/muot̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/muət̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/mwət̚/
Li
Rong 		/muət̚/
Wang
Li 		/muət̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/muət̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		mò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		mut6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 沒
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		mò
Middle
Chinese 		‹ mwot ›
Old
Chinese 		/*mˁut/
English to dive, drown, die

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 沒
Reading # 1/1
No. 9235
Phonetic
component 		没
Rime
group 		物
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		没
Old
Chinese 		/*mɯːd/

Definitions

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沒

  1. to drown; to sink; to submerge; to inundate
    淹沒／淹没  ―  yānmò  ―  to submerge; to inundate
    沒入水中／没入水中  ―  mò rù shuǐ zhōng  ―  to sink into the water
  2. to rise beyond; to cover; to overflow
    水深沒腰／水深没腰  ―  shuǐ shēn mò yāo  ―  the water was waist-deep
  3. to end; to finish
    沒齒不忘／没齿不忘  ―  mòchǐ bùwàng  ―  not to forget to the end of one's days
  4. to disappear; to vanish
    出沒／出没  ―  chūmò  ―  to appear and disappear
  5. to confiscate
    沒收／没收  ―  mòshōu  ―  to confiscate
  6. (literary) Alternative form of 歿 / 殁 (mò, “to die; to pass away”)

Compounds

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Japanese

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Shinjitai

没

Kyūjitai

沒

Kanji

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沒

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 没)

  1. discard, reject
  2. death
  3. lacking, without

Readings

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  • On (unclassified): ぼつ (botsu)、ばい (bai)、ば (ba)
  • Kun: しずむ (shizumu, 沒む)、おぼれる (oboreru, 沒れる)、しぬ (shinu, 沒ぬ)

Korean

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Hanja

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沒 (eumhun 가라앉을 몰 (garaanjeul mol))

  1. hanja form? of 몰 (“drown, sink”)
  2. hanja form? of 몰 (“not, have not, none”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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沒: Hán Việt readings: một
沒: Nôm readings: mốt, một

Etymology 1

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Numeral

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沒 • (một)

  1. Nôm form of một (“one”).

Etymology 2

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Numeral

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沒 • (mốt)

  1. Nôm form of mốt (“(only in compounds or fixed expressions) one; -one”).
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